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FoM Anatomy > Introduction to the Nervous System > Flashcards

Introduction to the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Ganglion

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies (in the PNS)

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2
Q

Tract

A

Bundle of axons in the CNS

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3
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of axons in the PNS

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4
Q

Bundles of axons can be all from the same modality but are normally mixed. Modalities:

A

Somatic sensory, somatic motor, special sensory, visceral afferent, sympathetic, parasympathetic

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5
Q

Spinal nerves and branches are mixed -

A

Somatic motor, somatic sensory, sympathetic

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6
Q

How many cranial nerves are mixed?

A

5

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7
Q

Motor

A

Efferent

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8
Q

Sensory

A

Afferent

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9
Q

Motor (efferent):

A

Action potential towards the body wall, body cavity or organ

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10
Q

Sensory (afferent):

A

Action potential towards the brain

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11
Q

Spinal cord connects to…

A

The brain

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12
Q

Spinal cord passes through…

A

foramen magnum

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13
Q

Spinal cord protected by…

A

Vertebral column

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14
Q

4 segments of spinal cord:

A

Cervical (C1-C7)
Thoracic (T1-T12)
Lumbar (L1-L5)
Sacral (S1-S5)/coccygeal (Co)

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15
Q

2 enlargements of spinal cord

A

Cervical and lumbosacral
For innovation and control of limbs

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16
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1/L2 IV disc level — conus medullaris

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17
Q

Lumbar and Sarah spinal nerve roots descend in…

A

The vertebral canal and form the cauda equina

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18
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

All other nerve tissues not within the CNS

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19
Q

Peripheral nerves

A

Bundles of axons wrapped in connective tissue, which are travelling to/from the same structure
Bundles of nerves can leave as ‘branches’

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20
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Connect with spinal cord

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21
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Connect with brain

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22
Q

Autonomic nerves

A

Innervate organs, smooth muscle, glands
Visceral afferents, sympathetic nerves, parasympathetic nerves

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23
Q

How does the spinal cord connect with spinal nerves?

A

Bilaterally - 31 pairs

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24
Q

What is a spinal nerve named after?

A

The vertebrae above it, except for the cervical region where they are named according to the vertebrae below (C8 exits between C7 and T1 vertebrae)

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25
Q

What do the spinal nerves supply?

A

The soma (body wall)

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26
Q

Spinal nerves are located…

A

Only within the intervertebral (IV) foramina

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27
Q

From the IV foramina, spinal nerves connect with…

A

Structures of the soma via rami
The spinal cord via roots and rootlets

28
Q

Posterior rami

A

Supply small posterior strip of the soma (back)

29
Q

Anterior rami

A

Supply the remainder of the posterior part, the lateral and anterior parts of the strips of the soma
Supply all of the limbs via plexus - networks of intertwined anterior rami

30
Q

Cervical plexus

A

C1-C4 anterior rami, supplies the posterior scalp, neck wall, diaphragm

31
Q

Brachial plexus

A

C5-T1 anterior rami; supplies there upper limb

32
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

L1-L4 anterior rami, supplies the lower limb

33
Q

Sacral plexus

A

L5-S4 avertir rami, supplies the lower limb, gluteal region and perineum

34
Q

Dermatomes

A

Area of skin supplied by both the anterior and posterior rami of a spinal nerve
Exception - limbs (no posterior rami)

35
Q

T4 dermatome

A

nipple

36
Q

T10 dermatome

A

umbilicus (belly button)

37
Q

what are dermatome maps used for?

A

To illustrate dermatomes

38
Q

CN I

A

olfactory nerve
sensory (special)

39
Q

CN II

A

optic nerve
sensory (special)

40
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor nerve
motor

41
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear nerve
motor

42
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal nerve
both

43
Q

CN VI

A

abducent nerve
motor

44
Q

`CN VII

A

facial nerve
both

45
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear nerve
sensory (special)

46
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal nerve
both

47
Q

CN X

A

vagus nerve
both

48
Q

CN XI

A

spinal accessory nerve
motor

49
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal nerve
motor

50
Q

cranial forminae for CN I

A

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

51
Q

cranial forminae for CN II

A

optic canal

52
Q

cranial forminae for CN III, IV, V1 & VI

A

superior orbital fissure

53
Q

cranial forminae for CN V2

A

foramen rotundum

54
Q

cranial forminae for CN V3

A

foramen ovale

55
Q

cranial forminae for CN VII & VIII

A

internal acoustic meatus

56
Q

cranial forminae for CN IX, X & XI

A

jugular formen

57
Q

cranial forminae for CN XII

A

hypoglossal canal

58
Q

soma

A

body wall (external environment)

59
Q

soma includes…

A

head and neck walls, chest walls, back, diaphragm, abdominal wall, pelvic wall, limbs

60
Q

soma structures…

A

skin, fascia, skeletal muscle, skeleton, internal lining of body cavities

61
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

sense coarse and fine touch, vibration, propiroception

62
Q

thermoreceptors

A

sense temperature

63
Q

nociceptors

A

sense pain (sharp, stabbing, well localised)

64
Q

somatic sensation pathway to the brain

A

sensory receptors stimulated → anterior ramus → plexus (e.g. lumbar) → dorsal root ganglion → dorsal roots → dorsal rootlets → posterior horn → cross over midline and action potentials ascend towards brain

65
Q

motor innervation pathway to skeletal muscle

A

somatic motor axons cross over in brainstem then descend to anterior horn → anterior rootlets → anterior roots → spinal nerves → plexus → synapse onto skeletal muscle which contracts

66
Q

spinal reflexes

A

rapid - misses out pathways to the brain
involuntary - protective function

67
Q

visceral motor system

A

FoM Anatomy (5 decks)

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