Introduction to the Human Brain Flashcards
What are the 2 anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system?
CNS and PNS
What are the 2 poles of the brain?
Occipital and frontal
What are the three main parts of the brain?
Cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and brain stem
What is the function of the brain stem?
Breathing, cardio etc. No conscious function
What is the gap between the two hemispheres called?
Great longitudinal fissure
Do higher functioning animals have more or fewer folds in the cerebrum?
More
What is the word for peaks in the folds of the cerebrum?
gyrus
What is the word for troughs in the folds of the cerebrum?
Sulcus
What are the four lobes of the brain?
Frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal
What sulcus divides the frontal and parietal lobes?
central sulcus
What sulcus marks the upper boundary of the temporal lobe?
Lateral sulcus
Every ____ ______ comes from the precentral gyrus
Motor axon
All _______ goes to the postcentral gyrus
Sensation
There is only a visible divide between the occipital and parietal lobes on the ______ side of the brain. This is called the _____________ _________
medial, parietooccipital sulcus
What 3 things make up the brainstem?
medulla, pons, midbrain
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Allows you to move accurately
What is the function of the fourth ventricle?
contains CSF, reduces speed of movement of the brain
What is in the diencephalon?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
How many swellings are there at first in the neural tube during the development of the brain? What are these called?
- Proencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon
How many secondary vesicles are there and what are they called?
- Telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myencephalon
What does the rhombencephalon develop into?
metencephalon and myencephalon
What does the mesencephalon develop into?
mesencephalon
What does the prosencephalon develop into?
Telencephalon and diencephalon
What does the telencephalon develop into?
Cerebral hemispheres
What does the mesencephalon develop into?
Midbrain
What does the metencephalon develop into?
Pons and cerebellum
What does the myencephalon develop into?
medulla oblongata
What is in the neural tube?
CSF
What is the vestigial?
central canal of the spinal cord
What are the meninges?
Membranes surrounding the brain
Describe the dura
tough, fibrous, covers the brain like a loose fitting bag. 2 large reflections, falx cerebri between the two hemispheres and tentorium cerebelli between the cerebrum and cerebellum
What are the three meninges?
Dura, arachnoid and pia
Describe the arachnoid
soft and translucent, under dura
What is the name of the potential space between the dura and arachnoid?
Subdural space
Describe the pia
very thin and delicate, not visible. Tightly adhered to surface of brain following all cavities.
What are the layers of the dura?
periosteal and meningeal
What space do the two layers of dura form?
superior sagittal sinus
What percentage of O2 is consumed by the brain?
20%
Which two main vessels supply the brain?
Vertebral and internal carotid
Which are the three cerebellar arteries?
Posterior inferior
Anterior inferior
Superior
Which are the three cerebral arteries?
Posterior
Middle
Anterior
What do the two vertebral arteries unite to form?
The basilar artery
What does the basilar artery bifurcate to?
Posterior cerebral
Where does the post inf cerebellar come from?
vertebral
Where does the ant inf cerebellar come from?
Basilar
Where does the superior cerebellar come from?
basilar
Where do the middle and anterior cerebral arteries come from?
Internal carotid
What is the connection of all the cerebral arteries called?
Circle of willis
Which arteries complete the circle of willis and where do they run from and to?
Posterior communicating- from internal carotid to posterior cerebral
Anterior communicating between the anterior cerebral
What supplies the lateral hemispheres?
middle cerebral majority then anterior and posterior cerebral the edge
What supplies the medial hemispheres?
anterior cerebral the top, posterior cerebral the bottom, midle cerebral another bit
