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Control > Introduction to the Human Brain > Flashcards

Introduction to the Human Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

CNS and PNS

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2
Q

What are the 2 poles of the brain?

A

Occipital and frontal

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3
Q

What are the three main parts of the brain?

A

Cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and brain stem

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4
Q

What is the function of the brain stem?

A

Breathing, cardio etc. No conscious function

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5
Q

What is the gap between the two hemispheres called?

A

Great longitudinal fissure

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6
Q

Do higher functioning animals have more or fewer folds in the cerebrum?

A

More

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7
Q

What is the word for peaks in the folds of the cerebrum?

A

gyrus

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8
Q

What is the word for troughs in the folds of the cerebrum?

A

Sulcus

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9
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal

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10
Q

What sulcus divides the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

central sulcus

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11
Q

What sulcus marks the upper boundary of the temporal lobe?

A

Lateral sulcus

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12
Q

Every ____ ______ comes from the precentral gyrus

A

Motor axon

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13
Q

All _______ goes to the postcentral gyrus

A

Sensation

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14
Q

There is only a visible divide between the occipital and parietal lobes on the ______ side of the brain. This is called the _____________ _________

A

medial, parietooccipital sulcus

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15
Q

What 3 things make up the brainstem?

A

medulla, pons, midbrain

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16
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Allows you to move accurately

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17
Q

What is the function of the fourth ventricle?

A

contains CSF, reduces speed of movement of the brain

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18
Q

What is in the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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19
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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20
Q

How many swellings are there at first in the neural tube during the development of the brain? What are these called?

A
  1. Proencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon
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21
Q

How many secondary vesicles are there and what are they called?

A
  1. Telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myencephalon
22
Q

What does the rhombencephalon develop into?

A

metencephalon and myencephalon

23
Q

What does the mesencephalon develop into?

A

mesencephalon

24
Q

What does the prosencephalon develop into?

A

Telencephalon and diencephalon

25
Q

What does the telencephalon develop into?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

26
Q

What does the mesencephalon develop into?

A

Midbrain

27
Q

What does the metencephalon develop into?

A

Pons and cerebellum

28
Q

What does the myencephalon develop into?

A

medulla oblongata

29
Q

What is in the neural tube?

A

CSF

30
Q

What is the vestigial?

A

central canal of the spinal cord

31
Q

What are the meninges?

A

Membranes surrounding the brain

32
Q

Describe the dura

A

tough, fibrous, covers the brain like a loose fitting bag. 2 large reflections, falx cerebri between the two hemispheres and tentorium cerebelli between the cerebrum and cerebellum

33
Q

What are the three meninges?

A

Dura, arachnoid and pia

34
Q

Describe the arachnoid

A

soft and translucent, under dura

35
Q

What is the name of the potential space between the dura and arachnoid?

A

Subdural space

36
Q

Describe the pia

A

very thin and delicate, not visible. Tightly adhered to surface of brain following all cavities.

37
Q

What are the layers of the dura?

A

periosteal and meningeal

38
Q

What space do the two layers of dura form?

A

superior sagittal sinus

39
Q

What percentage of O2 is consumed by the brain?

A

20%

40
Q

Which two main vessels supply the brain?

A

Vertebral and internal carotid

41
Q

Which are the three cerebellar arteries?

A

Posterior inferior
Anterior inferior
Superior

42
Q

Which are the three cerebral arteries?

A

Posterior
Middle
Anterior

43
Q

What do the two vertebral arteries unite to form?

A

The basilar artery

44
Q

What does the basilar artery bifurcate to?

A

Posterior cerebral

45
Q

Where does the post inf cerebellar come from?

A

vertebral

46
Q

Where does the ant inf cerebellar come from?

A

Basilar

47
Q

Where does the superior cerebellar come from?

A

basilar

48
Q

Where do the middle and anterior cerebral arteries come from?

A

Internal carotid

49
Q

What is the connection of all the cerebral arteries called?

A

Circle of willis

50
Q

Which arteries complete the circle of willis and where do they run from and to?

A

Posterior communicating- from internal carotid to posterior cerebral
Anterior communicating between the anterior cerebral

51
Q

What supplies the lateral hemispheres?

A

middle cerebral majority then anterior and posterior cerebral the edge

52
Q

What supplies the medial hemispheres?

A

anterior cerebral the top, posterior cerebral the bottom, midle cerebral another bit

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