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PH 104 > INTRODUCTION TO THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

A

HEALTH

world health organization, 1948

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2
Q

A resource for everyday life, not the objective of living.

____ is a positive concept emphasizing
social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.

A

WHO, 1986

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3
Q

refers to the ability of a body to adapt to new threats and infirmities

A

Health

The LANCET, 2006

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4
Q

different types of health

A
  1. physical
    2 mental
  2. spiritual
  3. emotional
  4. social
  5. environmental
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5
Q
  • refers to the state of your physical body and how well it is operating.
  • promotes proper care of our bodies for optimal health and functioning.
A

physical health

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6
Q

components of physical health

A

physical activity
nutrition and diet
alcohol and drugs
medical self-care
rest and sleep

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7
Q

includes strength, flexibility, and endurance

A

Physical activity

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8
Q

includes nutrient intake, fluid intake, and healthy digestion

A

Nutrition and diet

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9
Q

includes the abstinence from or reduced consumption of these substances.

A

Alcohol and drugs

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10
Q

includes addressing minor ailments or injuries and seeking emergency care as
necessary

A

Medical self-care

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11
Q

includes periodic rest and relaxation, along with high-quality sleep.

A

Rest and sleep

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12
Q
  • level of psychological well-being or an absence of mental illness
  • “psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment”
A

mental health

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13
Q

mental health conditions include:

A
  • mental health disorders
  • psychological disabilities
  • other mental health states associated with significant distress, impairment in functioning, or risk of self-harm
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14
Q

According to WHO, the determinants of Mental Health include:

A

Individual psychological and biological factors such as emotional skills, substance use, and
genetics.

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15
Q

Exposure to unfavorable _____, _____, _____, and _____ circumstances – including poverty, violence, inequality, and environmental deprivation - also increases people’s risk of experiencing mental health conditions.

A

social, economic, geopolitical, and environmental circumstances

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16
Q

__________ encompasses everything a person does to keep a healthy relationship with their mind. These include activities that keep the mind focused and engaged, like _______ activities.

A

self-care for mental health

brain-stimulating activities

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17
Q

Examples of mental self-care activities include:

A

o Getting regular exercise
o Reading a book
o Learning a new hobby or skill
o Listening to a podcast
o Doing a digital detox
o Practicing mindfulness

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18
Q
  • refers to possessing, meaning, and purpose in life; having a clear set of beliefs, and living by your morals, values, and ethics.
  • understanding and having a clear definition of what is right and wrong and
    living according to this understanding
A

spiritual health

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19
Q

Many factors play a part in defining spirituality:

A

religious faith, beliefs, values, ethics,
principles, and morals.

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20
Q

Some gain ______ by growing in their personal relationships with others, or through being at peace with nature.

A

spirituality

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21
Q

allows us to find the inner calm and peace needed to get through whatever life
brings, no matter what one’s beliefs are or where they may be on your spiritual journey.

A

spirituality

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22
Q

Ways to Improve Spiritual Health:

A

o Connect with your faith community
o Volunteer or help others
o Practice yoga
o Meditate
o Keep a journal
o Spend time in nature
o Focus on your hobbies
o Speak with a chaplain or someone you trust

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23
Q

often described as the capacity to identify and manage your emotions and feelings, as well as the emotions of those around you. It involves developing the ability to express and manage emotions in healthy ways, such as being able to handle stress and take responsibility for your own feelings.

A

emotional health

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24
Q

involves having a good understanding of your self-worth, regulating your emotions, and maintaining good relationships with others.

A

emotional health

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25
Q

caused by a reaction to a situation or person and may even be the result of past experiences or trauma.

cause one to feel overwhelmed and emotionally unstable, often
resulting in feelings of sadness, fear, and anger.

A

emotional triggers

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26
Q

associated with a person’s overall mental well-being. It includes rational
thinking, good decision-making, and managing difficult situations.

A

mental health

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27
Q

related to the ability to manage your moods and feelings. It can include the ability to regulate emotions like stress, anger, sadness, and joy in order to have healthy relationships.

A

emotional health

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28
Q

involves processing information, storing it in memory, and understanding this information

A

mental health

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29
Q

involves the ability to control and express emotions appropriately

A

emotional health

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30
Q

involves cognitive processes

A

mental health

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31
Q

involves emotions and feelings

A

emotional health

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32
Q

has a wider scope

A

mental health

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33
Q

has a limited scope

A

emotional health

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34
Q

about our ability to express emotions, cope with feelings, and nurture relationships

A

emotional health

35
Q

Difficulties with controlling emotions are a common sign of ?????

A

emotional distress

36
Q

defined as our ability to interact and form meaningful relationships with others. It also relates to how comfortably we can adapt to social situations. Social relationships have an impact on our mental health, physical health, and mortality risk.

A

social health

37
Q

Signs of good social health include:

A

o Balancing your social and personal time
o Being your true self at all times
o Engaging with people in your community
o Treating others with respect
o Maintaining and building strong relationships with friends
o Creating healthy boundaries that help with communication, trust and conflict
management
o Turning to friends and family for support
o Communicating effectively

38
Q
  • examines the interaction between the environment and health.
  • refers to aspects of human health (including quality of life) that are determined by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial factors in the environment.
A

environmental health

39
Q

We depend on the environment for energy and the materials needed to sustain life, such as:

A

o Clean air
o Safe drinking water
o Nutritious food
o Safe places to live.

40
Q

outdoor air pollution

A

respiratory conditions, cardiovascular disease, lung cancer

41
Q

unsafe drinking water

A

diarrhoeal (gastrointestinal) illnesses

42
Q

contaminated recreational water

A

diarrhoeal (gastrointestinal) illnesses; eye, ear, nose and throat infections

43
Q

mosquitos, ticks and other vectors

A

malaria, dengue fever, rickettsial disease

44
Q

UV (ultraviolet light) exposure

A

too much: melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancer, eye cataracts

too little: vitamin D deficiency, leading to rickets, osteoporosis, and osteomalacia

45
Q

second-hand smoke exposure

A

in infants: low birthweight, sudden unexpected death in infancy

in children: asthma, lower respiratory infections, middle ear infections

in adults: ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lung cancer

46
Q

household crowding

A

infectious disease, including lower respiratory infections

47
Q

cold and damp housing

A

excess mortality

48
Q

climate change

A

infectious diseases, including giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis and salmonellosis; heat stroke

49
Q

hazardous substances

A

poisoning, burns, dermatitis

50
Q

lead

A

in children: developmental delays, behavioral problems

in adults: increased blood pressure

51
Q

asbestos

A

breathing difficulties, lung cancer, mesothelioma

52
Q

noise

A

hearing loss, cardiovascular problems, insomnia, psychophysiological problems

53
Q
  • the active pursuit of activities, choices, and lifestyles that lead to a state of holistic health- Global Wellness Institute
  • the act of practicing healthy habits on a daily basis to attain better physical and
    mental health outcomes so that instead of just surviving, you’re thriving. “ —- Pfizer
A

wellness

54
Q

failure of the body defense mechanism to cope with forces tending to disturb body equilibrium.

A

disease

55
Q

▪ Ecologic concept of disease based on 3 premises of the biologic laws:

A

▪ Disease is a result of the imbalance between the forces of the agent and the host
▪ The resulting imbalance depends on the nature of the agent and the host
▪ The nature of the agent and the host and their interaction depend on the environment

56
Q

Complete disease process starting from without or within the individual resulting in changes in body form and function until equilibrium is reached, or recovery or death of the individual.

A

Natural History of Disease

57
Q
  1. Portal of Entry
A

a. Respiratory tract
b. Genito- Urinary tract
c. Gastro-intestinal tract
d. Skin
e. Blood stream

58
Q

Interval between the time of entry of the agent into the host and onset of signs and symptoms of disease, it varies from one disease to another

A
  1. Incubation Period
59
Q
  1. Clinical Manifestation of disease or Clinical Horizon

*Characteristic signs and symptoms appear like:

A

a. Fever
b. Rash
c. Other symptoms like jaundice ex: viral hepatitis, yellow fever, leptospirosis, infectious mononucleosis syphilis, fatigue, convulsions

*Nausea and vomiting and other localized symptoms like diarrhea, cough,
pain, and local swelling

*Measurement of physiologic data is abnormal ex: temperature, pulse,
respiration

*Positive laboratory tests of urine, blood, stools, etc.

60
Q
  1. Outcome of Disease
A

a. Chronic condition
b. Carrier state
c. Temporary disability
d. Permanent disability
e. Death
f. Complete recovery

61
Q
  • The period during which the patient is infectious
A
  1. Period of Communicability
62
Q

Natural History of Disease PROCESS

A
  1. Portal of Entry
  2. Incubation Period
  3. Clinical Manifestation of disease or Clinical Horizon
  4. Outcome of Disease
  5. Period of Communicability
63
Q

the organic body where the agent depends for survival

A

host

64
Q

influenced by sex, age, nutrition, heredity, and personality development; habits and customs, race, previous experience.

A

Resistance/ Susceptibility

65
Q

the substance or force whose presence or absence causes disease

A

agent

66
Q

types of agent

A

Biologic
Physical
Chemical
Nutrient
Mechanical

67
Q

Characteristics of agent

A

Mode of transmission, Virulence, Organ of Parasitism, Immunity conferred

68
Q

a measure of the severity of the reaction

A

virulence

69
Q

living agents that parasitize man

ex.
arthropods, helminths, protozoa, fungi, bacteria, rickettsiae, viruses

A

biologic agent

70
Q

classified as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water

A

nutrient agent

71
Q

these agents may be classified according to the mode of acquisition

A

chemical agent

72
Q

this category comprises such factors as abnormalities at atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity in industry

A

physical agent

73
Q

these agents are chronic fiction and other mechanical forces that add unusual stresses to body mechanisms resulting in crushing, tearing, penetrating, wounds, sprains, dislocations, and/or fractures

A

mechanical agent

74
Q

human, animal

A

host

75
Q

virus, bacteria, fungi, parasite

A

agent

76
Q

climate, housing, healthcare settings, travel

A

environment

77
Q

the sum of all forces that influence the growth and development of an organism

A

environment

78
Q

Components of environment:

A

a. physical
b. socio-economic
c. biologic

79
Q
  • This includes the geological structure of the area such as the hills, valleys, plateaus, soil, and rock composition, and the presence of water, plants, etc.
  • A fertile area may favor the development of arthropods, particularly in swampy places; dusty deserts harbor fungus and bacterial spores.
  • Weather, climate, and seasons also influence the type of communicable disease present.
  • The physical environment is an important factor in successful parasitism
A

PHYSICAL

80
Q
  • The richer the area, the better the environmental sanitation, disposal of sewage and garbage,
    availability of medical facilities, etc.
  • All these cost money.
A

SOCIO-ECONOMIC

81
Q
  • This includes the “universe of living things that surround man, all else than man himself.”
  • These are the animals man uses for food and for the beast of burden, plants he uses for food, etc., the arthropods and microorganisms found in the air, soil and water
A

BIOLOGIC

82
Q

Reservoirs of Infections are:

A

▪ Man
▪ Animal
▪ Inanimate organic matter
▪ Plant
▪ Soil

83
Q

Sources of Infections:

A

Thing, person, object or substance from which an infectious agent passes immediately to a host.

PH 104 (3 decks)

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