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soc 271 > introduction to the family > Flashcards

introduction to the family Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two themes for the family?

A

the changing family and the diversity of families

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2
Q

what is the definition of family?

A

no one single definition! depends on how the researcher defines it

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3
Q

what is the nuclear family?

A

consists of parents and their children sharing a dwelling/home.

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4
Q

what is extended family?

A

several generations or adult siblings with their spouses and children who share a dwelling and resources

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5
Q

does extended family follow a horizontal or vertical pattern?

A

vertical! grandparents - great grandparents

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6
Q

what is a modified extended family?

A

several generations who live near each other and maintain close social and economic contact
(run kids to school, provide care for the kids, share food, share finances, but live separately)

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7
Q

what is the most common definition/title for the family?

A

census family

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8
Q

what qualifies someone as being apart of a census family?

A
  • common law
  • married couple, no children
  • single parent with a child is a family
  • the key is to SHARE SAME HOUSEHOLD / DWELLING
  • can include biological, adopted, and sometimes foster children
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9
Q

what is a skip-generation household?

A

household where children live with grandparents

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10
Q

what are some reasons why skip-generation households may be implemented?

A

mental health, drug addiction, divorce

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11
Q

how is census data collected?

A

questionnaire canadians must fill out every 5 years

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12
Q

what is a household data set?

A

walk up the street, who lives there
includes people who share a home, related or not

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13
Q

do more canadians live in census families or live alone/with roommates?

A

more census families

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14
Q

what does the household data show?

A

more households occupied by one person!
single households exceeded/eclipsed coupled families

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15
Q

what are some reasons as to why single households are more common?

A

divorce (many divorced people do not remarry now)
- cost/finances
- wanting to pursue education
- lack of interest in having children
- conventional relationships have changed (living alone but are together)
- more socially acceptable in canada to live alone
- want to preserve youthfulness
- aging population / canadians are now living longer, and relationships are more at risk (women now can take on full-time work and get an education, making them able to live on their own if their male partner has died)
- secularized (move away from religion and does not influence our policies; the whole institution of marriage may seem obsolete)
- individualistic society (focus on ourselves; our education, our career, my life)
- feminism view on marriage (conservative institution, disadvantages women over men, women are more responsible for maintaining the home/child rearing/cleaning)

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16
Q

38% of canadian marriages end in divorce, which is above or below what rate?

A

below the replacement rate

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17
Q

what is the replacement rate?

A

govt takes a couple that dies, and then your children replace you

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18
Q

why is it so important for immigrants to come to Canada?

A

immigrants tend to have more children, which fixes the replacement rate

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19
Q

what are some pull factors that enable us to live alone?

A
  • condos/market has adjusted to accommodate single people
  • tourism (cruise ships have weeks for single people, so they do not have to pay extra charges for double occupancy)
  • technology (lack of loneliness due to things like Facetime, and interactive video games)
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20
Q

what are the financial disadvantages of living alone?

A

fixed household cost
- paying the same municipal tax whether you live together or alone

heavier income tax burden:
- tax system privileges couples
- RRSP

travel costs
- travel often based on double occupancy

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21
Q

What do most surveys show about Canadians’ view of the family?

A

they believe family is extremely important and desirable

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22
Q

how has the canadian family changed?

A
  • more choosing common law
  • couples produce few children
  • remarriage forms a larger percentage of all marriages
  • an increasing proportion of children are raised in stepfamilies
  • increase same-sex families
  • more single-parent families
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23
Q

the ideal canadian family has?

A

remained the same

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24
Q

what does ideal mean?

A

form of something against which all other forms are compared

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25
Q

what are the stereotypical family ideals?

A
  • patriarchal
  • parents married
  • heterosexual
  • dependent children; nuclear family
  • an economically independent unit
26
Q

what is the structural functionalist view on the family?

A

conservative, best society is the society where we all live in a nuclear family:
- divorce, homosexual, skip generation bad

27
Q

why is Canadian society stable, according to structural functionalists?

A

due to institutions:
- justice system
- health care (go in sick, come out healthy)
- education system
- families (responsible for socializing children, financially and emotionally providing for children
- media

28
Q

what are the three primary functions of families according to structural functionalists?

A
  1. ensure replacement and socialization of new members
  2. financial provision
  3. emotional support
29
Q

what does the replacement and socialization of new family members entail?

A
  • couple only has one child, it wouldn’t take many years to go to a zero-generation
  • doctors who retire, other doctors to replace
30
Q

what does financial provision entail?

A
  • care for your children up until the age of 18
  • financially provide for children (food, shelter, clothing)
31
Q

what does family emotional support entail?

A
  • warmth and protection
  • help children overcome diversity
  • control our anger
  • socialize children
32
Q

talcott parsons is associated with what sociological theory?

A

structural functionalism

33
Q

how did talcott parsons view society?

A
  • nuclear family is universal (mom, dad, kids same dwelling), which must mean it is functional (it is there because it is functional)
  • It is like two pieces of a puzzle because men are good at instrumental functions (work and make money), and women are good at emotional and familial functions
34
Q

what were the critiques of talcott parsons view of society?

A

the nuclear family is not universal; it is very conservative to think men are better at working and bringing home money

35
Q

how do critical theorists view the family and society?

A

do not see stability - they see conflict, inequality, injustice, mess, struggle (homeless people freezing, young people suffering from drug addiction, panhandlers asking for money)

36
Q

what is the biggest branch of critical theory?

A

conflict theory

37
Q

what was upton sinclair’s the jungle?

A
  • family immigrated, looking for work
  • meat packing factory
  • tall fence around the premise
  • hundreds of men surround this fence, stand outside the gate, and fifty people are selected to work
  • given knife to cut meat, going quickly, wants to be selected tomorrow, a man cuts off his thumb
  • that man comes back tomorrow to work, and now is not being selected because he is disadvantaged
38
Q

what sociological theory did karl marx associate with?

A

conflict theory

39
Q

what was karl marx’s view of the family and society?

A
  • champion of the workers
  • early industrialization exploited workers due to the profit motive
  • believed exploitation was inherent to capitalism
40
Q

why did families move to new glasgow (westray coal mine)?

A
  • secure income (the mine has got 15 years, you can get a mortgage to buy a house; 16/hour which is like 45-50 today)
  • assured repeatedly that the mine was safe
  • desperate when you don’t have others to rely on, capitalism
  • did not want to rely on welfare
  • pogie shuffle: employment insurance (on EI, then you’re working, which is undesirable)
  • this was a man’s job (most men want a job that utilizes their strength)
  • gave people a chance to move back to new glascow
  • curtains in the window (allows for privacy for family, promise of a good family life)
41
Q

how were workers in westray coal mine exploited?

A
  • lack of training
  • falling rock- no medical care, no worker’s compensation
  • informed consent: must make sure that they understand the risk when many of them were not aware of the risks (lack of stone dusting)
  • stone dusting: all coal mines release methane, which is explosive. with stone dusting, coal dust will not react with methane, but they failed to do this
  • workers are seen as expendable
  • phoned union, and told them they needed to do stone dusting, but got pushed off
  • no counselling was offered for workers who got out or their families
  • company did not compensate family for their losses
  • at the inquiry, the owners of the mine did not show up
42
Q

fredrick engels was associated with what theory?

A

conflict theory

43
Q

what was fredrick engels view on families over time?

A

you will find that how families are organized is related to the type of economy you have

44
Q

how have families changed over time due to the economy?

A
  • rural living used to be more common, so having more kids was more common; today, large families are not as common and have become a liability due to industrialization
  • children went from an asset to make money to a liability (mandatory to get an education)
  • child labour laws
45
Q

feminist theory is a branch of?

A

critical theory

46
Q

common principles of feminist approaches to family

A
  1. emphasis on capturing the female experience of family
  2. families are sites of gender inequality
  3. family experience is influenced by social class, ethnicity, geographic location and historical context
  4. there is more than 1 definition of family
  5. inequality in families should be eliminated
47
Q

what did women want to happen with the introduction of feminist theory?

A
  • women did not walk in and burn all the male theories
  • all women wanted was a “new bookshelf” from a feminist perspective, not to destroy the mens stuff
48
Q

how is the family institution problematic for women?

A
  • site of oppression and exploitation for women
  • women were not paid to take care of children and such
  • this created sites of violence, as they worked for the family, but recieved no financial compensation
49
Q

What is symbolic interactionism, and how is it studied in families?

A

symbolic: study micro sociology, not the big things, the little, more everyday things

should not be studied from the ground level up
- should sit in living rooms and study interactions between families

50
Q

symbolic interactionism looks at the “doing of family”. how do we “do” family?

A
  • add agency (we have choice: we can choose to be masculine or feminine)
  • we often talk about gender in a very structured way (difficult to change), but symbolic interactions say if we stop doing gender (men start wearing makeup and dresses and heels), we could deconstruct the gender binary
51
Q

what are the ways we express the “doing of family”?

A
  • serving of family members (cooking, cleaning, providing christmas)
  • providing for family members (his brother did not have presents for his children, so he went out and bought gifts for his kids; waiting for christmas bonus to buy the swimming pool)
  • suppressing feelings for the sake of harmony (emptying the “shitter” down the sewer line from the trailer)
  • promoting ties (going to old folk home to grab grandparents; maintain grandparent to child relationship)
  • maintaining boundaries (kids stay together; nightmares about having to sleep next to her brother)
  • working to maintain tradition (christmas)
52
Q

who socialize us and what does it mean to be socialized?

A
  • people in our lives socialize us
  • teach us what it is like to live in society (don’t hit people, manners, how to become a good citizen)
53
Q

who are our primary socializers?

A
  • parents are our primary socializers!! additionally, friends/peers (movies, clothes, music), media
54
Q

how does the song “Cats in the Cradle” demonstrate socialization?

A

how we teach our children ends up being how they behave out in society

55
Q

how does the song “Cats in the Cradle” demonstrate critical theory?

A

in a capitalist economy, we are forced to sell our labour to survive- we are often taken away from our families and don’t get to spend enough time with our children because we have to make more and do more

56
Q

how does the song “Cats in the Cradle” demonstrate conflict theory?

A

parental angst, parents wish they had more time with their kids, but they had to work

57
Q

the majority of main characters in literature are what gender?

A

male

58
Q

what is the typical demonstration of females in books (what jobs do they have, what do they wear, etc)

A
  • wears an apron (cooking, cleaning, serving, providing for family)
  • teachers, nurses, clerks, stewardesses, cook
59
Q

what is the typical demonstration of male characters in books?

A
  • doctors, science teachers, mayors, ministers, writers
60
Q

how does literature influence the stereotypes and tropes that are created?

A
  • messages continue from generation to generation
  • stories we loved as kids, we show to our children, and those tropes carry on (cinderella with the evil stepmother)
61
Q

once a trope is set/implemented in a childs mind, is it easy to alter that ideology?

A

NO! takes considerable effort to combat dominant cultural messages

soc 271 (2 decks)

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