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soc 271 > historical to contemporary families in canada > Flashcards

historical to contemporary families in canada Flashcards

1
Q

what century did the british and french arrive in

A

16th century - 1763

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2
Q

in 1763, new france now became the colony of?

A

great britain

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3
Q

in 1774, the quebec act was introduced. what was it?

A
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4
Q

scots, english and irish immigrated in the 1700s and 1800s, these people were called?

A

home children

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5
Q

what were british home children?

A

children who were orphaned, scooped up by social workers and brought into an orphanage where they were cared for and educated

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6
Q

were british home children seen and treated like family?

A

many of these children were not adopted and treated as family
- exploited as labour
- slept in separate corridors
- physically and emotionally abused

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7
Q

what was the push factor for barnardo to take these parentless and abandoned home children?

A

nothing for them in England

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8
Q

what was the pull factor for barnardo to take these parentless and abandoned home children?

A

people in Canada wanted more children to help with the homestead, farming, earning money, etc

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9
Q

what is the story of anne of green gables?

A
  • parents cannot continue doing farm work anymore, getting too old
  • thought they would get a boy, but they got a girl (Anne) instead
  • fell in love with her, kept her
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10
Q

how did Canada maintain the British character?

A
  • slavery
  • chinese head tax
  • continuous journey regulation
  • immigration policy
  • jewish refugees in WWII
  • japanese citizens internment
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11
Q

what is maternal mortality?

A

women dying during childbirth or shortly thereafter

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12
Q

what is the difference between maternal mortality between the 1900s and today?

A

used to be very high, but now is significantly lower

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13
Q

why was the maternal mortality rate so high?

A
  • infection / bacteria
  • the connection between infection and bacteria were created, but once it was put in place, lots of doctors did not immediately pick up on it in their practices (washing hands, instrument sterilization)
  • many people could not afford doctors
  • babies were born in not very hygienic areas
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14
Q

what happens if an infection develops into sepsis?

A

takes over your whole body, hard to save (death)

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15
Q

mostly poor women died from child birth because..?

A
  • rich women can afford doctors
  • poor women lack knowledge
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16
Q

what is industrialization?

A
  • building of factories in big cities
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17
Q

how did the environment change with the introduction of industrialization?

A
  • urbanization
  • most Canadians lived rurally
  • went from farm environment to the city life
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18
Q

how were families (in relation to young children) affected by industrialization?

A

children could now no longer be used to work, as they now had mandatory schooling to attend instead of helping with the family finances or helping put food on their plate through their own farms

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19
Q

industrialization started the separation of spheres, which is?

A
  • men out in the factory working, male breadwinner
  • women do the domestic work, household chores and care for children
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20
Q

what are the ways there was a crisis in the family prior to the 1920s?

A
  • women drawn away from marriage and motherhood
  • WWI robbed nation of many men husband / father age
  • spanish flu hit 20 - 40 year olds the hardest
  • children of ill-health, STI / STD, burden on state
  • husband / father disserting family
  • concerns with racial degeneration
  • birth control and abortion being used / committed
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21
Q

what is pearl clutching?

A

upper class women nervousness about change

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22
Q

why did they perceive family was in a crisis?

A
  • women were changing, starting to get educated, go to university, go to cities and get jobs in the workforce
  • many women were beginning to live alone and having their own pay-check (money was theirs)
  • women were being drawn away from their main purpose: get married and have children
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23
Q

the middle class believed the biggest reason for family crisis was the fact that women were not..?

A

having enough children!

24
Q

how were women being drawn away from marriage and motherhood (family crisis)?

A

education and work took women away from having children = their primary purpose

25
Q

how did WWI robbed nation of many men of husband / father age (family crisis)?

A
  • about 50% of men were not healthy enough to go
  • many men, however, wanted to go to war
  • 60,000 men die
  • many men come back changed: physically lost limbs, mentally had PTSD
  • spanish flu hits after it was over
26
Q

how did the spanish flu cause crisis in the family?

A
  • tend to kill young children
  • 50,000 people died from spanish flu
  • took many healthy people (20 - 40 year olds)
  • not able to produce more children
  • not able to work
27
Q

how did children of ill-health, STI / STD become a burden on state and influence the family crisis?

A
  • no proper treatment for these infections
  • syphilis: can develop into neurosyphilis (affects the brain)
  • soldiers were not provided with condoms, and lots of STIs happened
  • lots of children in care were born infected with STI and needed to be cared for by the state (Canadian taxpayers had to pay for this)
28
Q

how did husband / father disserting family cause a crisis in the family?

A
  • no formal divorce procedure, males could just leave
  • many mothers left poor and with children cause father went to go fuck jane
29
Q

how did concerns with racial degeneration cause family crisis?

A
  • canadians were claiming they were a race: hardy and strong
  • sense of crisis around one white and one indigenous person falling in love and having children was bad
  • having relations with another race diminished “our people”
30
Q

how did birth control / abortion cause crisis in the family?

A
  • illegal to provide
  • illegal to counsel it and instruct how to prevent pregnancies
  • nonetheless, women were seeking and getting abortions
  • many women went to bad people to get rid of their pregnancy (use unsanitary wire coat hangers to end pregnancy)
  • Canadians need to have lots of children to upkeep the Canadian race, but look, here are these immoral women who don’t want to have children and are aborting their children
31
Q

what are abortifacients and how did they contribute to family crisis?

A

promote uterine contractions to make them expel everything in the uterus, chug it; women die from too high of a consumption or survive but child is born with many defects

32
Q

how was women’s education a threat?

A

thought that our bodies had limited energy:
- all women’s energy should be concentrated on reproducing babies
- if women start using all of their energy on education, less would go to reproduction, which was a huge crisis

33
Q

what was the problem with women taking opium, and how did this contribute to scientific mothering?

A
  • women were meant to have children, and opium caused harm to themselves and their children
  • most mothers were relying on expert science to know how to properly mother
  • men should inform women on how to mother children
34
Q

what was the response to crisis in the family (what interventions took place)?

A
  • we need federal level health program!!
  • national health institute started
35
Q

relating to safety and sanitary practices, what caused lots of death and crisis in the family?

A
  • we have people dying because they do not know to wash their hands
  • case after case of syphilis, gonorrhea, etc
36
Q

how was the government convinced to create a federal health program?

A
  • at this time, government stayed out! no, no, no! that is not my place
  • doctors were so desperate knew that only rich women came to them
  • doctors went to talk to the priest about syphilis and such, trying to get them to talk to everyone about how to prevent STIs and stuff, but they denied
  • doctors went back to begging the government
  • government was convinced after the thousands of people who died, and the lack of people that are being born healthy
37
Q

when the national health institute started, what services were provided?

A
  • improved sanitation
  • immunization programs
  • milk pasteurization
  • free well-baby clinics and travelling nurses
  • increased medicine regulation
  • school nurse program
  • free venereal disease treatment
38
Q

how was sanitation improved?

A

hand washing, separate urine from waste

39
Q

how were immunization programs utilized (what diseases did it treat)?

A

smallpox vaccine first, then other ones, cases of flu, rabies, polio

40
Q

what was milk pasteurization?

A

boiling milk to a certain temperature to get rid of all the bacteria

41
Q

how did well-baby clinics and travelling nurses help the family crisis?

A

professional nursing around 1920s, hired to go into rural areas outside of the city. educated women what to do in specific situations, how to cloth them, etc

42
Q

how did increased medicine regulation help the family crisis?

A
  • got serious about all the medicine on the market
  • started creating prescriptions
  • stopped allowing doctors to use heroin and morphine in surgery and to reduce pain
  • patent medicine with different drugs inside like heroin, alcohol, mercury and chloroform, and claiming they could cure cancer were regulated and had to state what was in these products
  • get abortifacients off the market
43
Q

what was the school nurse program?

A

treated conditions of school children, such as head lice and malnutrition

44
Q

what was free venereal disease treatment?

A

syphilis, gonorrhea, etc treatment was free

45
Q

at the very end of the 1920s, what event took place?

A

the great depression

46
Q

what was the great depression?

A
  • stock market crashes!
  • wiped out families
47
Q

when did the depression finally begin to come to an end?

A

when WWII started

48
Q

how did thew great depression affect families?

A
  • 40% unemployment rate (crisis in male unemployment, 40% families had no income)
  • birthrate is at a historical low, not having enough children
  • many families moves to a interdependent/extended family model (moving back in with parents, living with siblings, etc)
  • men were the focus of minimal relief program (did not help women who were abandoned by father)
49
Q

after WWII, what changes did society make in order to ensure they got out of the depression and never entered that same state again?

A

the government got heavily involved!

50
Q

what things did the government implement in order to generate order in society?

A
  • programs to ensure all males were employed (would riot if not employed)
  • social welfare state / Keynesian economics
  • free education for kids until grade 12
  • family allowance act
  • unemployment insurance / employment insurance (UI / EI)
51
Q

what was the social welfare state / keynesian economics?

A
  • regulation against false advertising
  • need a prescription
  • regulate banks so stock market crashes cannot happen again
  • employment insurance
  • socialized medicine
  • involved in housing
  • pension plans 65+
52
Q

what was the family allowance act?

A

gave mothers a baby bonus

53
Q

what is a baby bonus?

A

rich and poor all got however much money per month based on how many children they had

  • $8/month/child
54
Q

how was UI / EI helpful for “the new deal”?

A

helped give money to the working men

55
Q

what was mothers allowance?

A

money that went directly to the mothers

soc 271 (2 decks)

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