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MGA Exam 4 > Introduction to the Cranial Nerves and Autonomics > Flashcards

Introduction to the Cranial Nerves and Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerves exit through the superior orbital fissure

A

Oculomotor

Trochlear

Opthalmic (V1)

Abducent

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2
Q

Which cranial nerves exit through the internal acoustic meatus

A

Vestibulocochlear

Facial

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3
Q

Which cranial nerves exit through the jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

Spinal accessory

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4
Q

Where do the 3 branches of the trigeminal exit

A

V1: Superior orbital fissure

V2: foramen rotundum

V3: Foramen ovale

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5
Q

Trochlear nerve innervates

A

Superior oblique muscle

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6
Q

Abducent nerve innervates

A

Lateral rectus muscle

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7
Q

Spinal accessory nerve innervates

A

SCM and trapezius

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8
Q

Hypoglossal nerve innervates

A

Muscles of tongue

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9
Q

The trigeminal nerve suspends ___ and carries hitchhiking ___ and ___ fibers

A

Suspends the four cranial parasympathethic ganglia

Carries hitchhiking VE (viseral efferent) and SA (sensory afferent) fibers

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10
Q

Facial nerve exits the skull via

A

Stylomastoid foramen

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11
Q

Facial nerve provides preganglionic parasympathethics to

A

Pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia

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12
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve carries GA from

A

oropharynx and middle ear

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13
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve supplies GE to

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

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14
Q

Glossopharyngeal supplies preganglionic parasympatehthics to

A

Otic ganglion

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15
Q

Glossopharyngeal supplies visceral efferents from

A

Carotid body and sinus

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16
Q

Vagus nerve supplies GE to

A

Most of the muscles of the soft palate and pharynx

All of the muscles of the larynx

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17
Q

Vagus nerve carries GA from

A

Laryngopharynx and larynx and part of external ear

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18
Q

Vagus carries VA from

A

Carotid body and sinus

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19
Q

Vagus carries taste fibers from

A

Epiglottis

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20
Q

Vagus supplies preganglionic parasympathethics to the

A

Mucous glands of the laryngopharynx and larynx

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21
Q

Glossopharyngeal carries taste fibers from

A

Posterior 1/3 of tongue

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22
Q

Visceral efferent sympathethics for the skin of the neck and posterior scalp come from

A

Spinal nerves C1-C4

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23
Q

Visceral efferent sympathethics from the skin of the face and anterior scalp, all other smooth muscles and glands come from

A

Sympathetic periarterial nervous plexuses

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24
Q

Viseral effrent parasympathetics of the smooth muscles and glands of the head and neck come from

A

Oculomotor nerve

Facial nerve

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

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25
Q

Visceral efferent sympathetic preganglionics are from

A

T1-T2

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26
Q

Visceral efferent sympathethics synapse on

A

Cervical sympathethic ganglia

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27
Q

Visceral efferent parasympathethics synapse on

A

4 cranial parasympathethic ganglia or directly on target glands

28
Q

All sympathethics in the head and neck are

A

Postganglionic

29
Q

Visceral efferent sympathethic postganglionics are distributed in

A

The dorsal and ventral rami of C1-C4

Periarterial plexuses along the internal and external carotid arteries

30
Q

Visceral efferent parasympathehtic postganglionics are distributed in

A

GA branches of the trigeminal nerve

31
Q

Parasympathethics originate in

A

Oculomotor

Facial

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

32
Q

Which parasympathethics synapse in named, dissectible parasympathehtic ganglia?

A

Oculomotor

Facial

Glossopharyngeal

33
Q

What 4 ganglia are suspended by the trigeminal nerve

A

V1- ciliary ganglia (smooth muscle of eye)

V2- pterygopalatine ganglia (lacrimal gland, mucous glands of nose, palate)

V3- Submandibular ganglia, otic ganglia (salivary glands)

34
Q

What are hitchhiking fibers?

A

VE and special afferents carried in the GA branches of the trigeminal nerve

35
Q

Ciliary ganglion are found in the

A

Orbit

36
Q

Ciliary ganglion are suspended by

A

Nasociliary branch of V1

37
Q

__ and __ fibers pass through ciliary ganglion

A

Postganglionic sympathethic

GA

38
Q

Ciliary ganglion are responsible for

A

Smooth muscles of the eye and eyelid

Pupil constriction/dilation

Accommodation

Normal position of eyelid

39
Q

Pterygopalatine ganglion are suspended by

A

Maxillary nerve (V2)

40
Q

__ and __ fibers pass through pterygopalatine ganglion

A

Postganglionic sympathetic

Special sensory (taste)

41
Q

Lacrimal gland receives parasympathehtics from

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

42
Q

Pterygopalatine ganglion: viseral efferents destined for the lacrimal gland are distributed in (2)

A

Zygomatic nerve

Communicating branch to lacrimal nerve

43
Q

Pterygopalatine ganglion are responsible for

A

Tears

Nasal and palatal mucous secretion

Engorgement of nasal and palatal mucosa

44
Q

Submandibular ganglion is suspended by

A

Lingual nerve (V3)

45
Q

Preganglionic parasympathethics of the submandibular ganglion originate in ___ and are carried in __

A

Originate: facial nerve

Carried in: chorda tympani branch

46
Q

__ fibers pass through the submandibular ganglion

A

Special sensory (taste) fibers

47
Q

Otic ganglion are found in

A

Foramen ovale

48
Q

Otic ganglion are suspended by

A

Mandibular nerve

49
Q

Otic ganglion: preganglionic parasmpathethics originate in ___ and are carried in ___

A

Originate: Glossopharyngeal nerve

Carried in: tympanic nerve to middle ear

50
Q

All parasympathethics for the salivary gland come from

A

Ganglia suspended by V3 (otic ganglia)

51
Q

Visceral efferent fibers of the otic ganglion that are destined for the parotid gland are distributed in the ___ nerve

A

Auriculotemporal nerve (V3)

52
Q

Anosmia is caused by

A

Damage to olfactory nerve in cribiform plate

53
Q

Lesion of the right optic nerve causes

A

Right-side blindness

54
Q

Lesion of the left optic nerve causes

A

Left-side blindness

55
Q

Lesion of the optic chiasm causes

A

Loss of peripheral vision

56
Q

Loss of the optic chiasm can be the result of

A

Pituitary gland tumors or aneurysms of the internal carotid artery

57
Q

Lesion of the right optic tract causes

A

Loss of left half of visual field of BOTH eyes

58
Q

Lesion of left optic tract causes

A

Loss of vision of right half of visual field of BOTH eyes

59
Q

Meniere’s syndrome causes

A

Excess fluid in internal ear

60
Q

Loss of vestibular division of vestibulochochlear nerve

A

Imbalance in positional informaiton relayed to the brain –> vertigo, nausea

61
Q

Loss of cochlear division of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Hearing impariment/loss

62
Q

Lesion of trochlear nerve or Abducent nerve causes

A

Abnormal position of eye

63
Q

Lesion of spinal acessory nerve

A

Winging of scapula

Weakness of rotary movements of head

64
Q

Lesion of hypoglossal nerve

A

Atrophy of tongue

Speech disturbance

65
Q

Horner’s syndrome is caused by a loss of

A

Sympathethics

MGA Exam 4 (8 decks)

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