Introduction to the cardiovascular system Flashcards
what does Dp and Sp stand for
diastolic pressure and systolic pressure
how to calculate mean arterial blood pressure
mean arterial blood pressure= Dp + 1/3(sp - dp)
how to calculate blood pressure
blood pressure = cardiac output x total peripheral resistance
what is cardiac output
amount of blood the heart pumps per minute
- stroke volume x heart rate
what is preload
measure of blood returning to the ventricles at end of relaxation
what is the afterload
the force required to pump blood into systemic circulation using left ventricle
- increased afterload= increased cardiac workload
describe how blood travels through the heart
- blood returns to heart by vena cava
- enters right atrium and into right ventricle
- 80% due to blood pressure (from high bp to low)
- 20% due to atrial contraction - flows through the tricuspid valve and bicuspid
where does the right side of the heart pump blood into
pumps blood to pulmonary circulation
where does the left side of the heart pump blood to
pumps blood to systemic circulation
what are arterioles used for
control the resistance of total peripheral resistance
- regulates blood pressure
what are capacitance vessels used for
hold 60% of blood, acting as a store (eg veins)
describe the structure of veins
larger, with thin walls
- low pressure system
describe the structure of arteries
must have thick muscular wall, so pressure doesn’t cause expansion
what is the role of the endothelium
prevents coagulation/blood clots
describe the flow of blood around the body
blood moves in parallel to organs
- to supply adequate amount of oxygen
