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intro/cells/tissues/integumentry > Introduction To The Body > Flashcards

Introduction To The Body Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific method

A

Any logical and systematic approach to discovering principles of nature, often involving testing of tentative explanation called hypotheses

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2
Q

Hypothesis (plural = hypotheses

A

A proposed explanation of an observed phenomenon.

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3
Q

Experimentation

A

The performance of a study that usually tests a tentative explanation of nature called a hypothesis

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4
Q

Experimental controls

A

Any procedure within a scientific experiment ensures that the test situation itself is not affecting the outcome of the experiment

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5
Q

Theory vs Law

A

Law - a scientific law is a theory, or explanation of a scientific principle, with an extraordinary high degree of confidence of scientists based on experimentation

Theory - an explanation of a scientific principle that has been tested experimentally and found to be true; compare to hypothesis and law

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6
Q

Levels of organization

A

The levels of organization progress from the least complex (chemical level) to the most complex (organism level.)

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7
Q

Chemical Level Of Organization Includes:

A

Atoms-> Molecules

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8
Q

What are cells considered

A

To be the smallest “living” units of structure and function in our body.

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9
Q

What is an organization of many cells that act together to perform a common function?

A

Tissues

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10
Q

What is a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged in ways that allow them to act as a unit to perform a special function? Is also larger and more complex than tissues.

A

Organs

Unlike microscopic molecules and cells, some tissues and most organs are gross (large) structures that can be seen easily without a microscope.

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11
Q

What are the most complex units that make up the body? A varying numbers and types of organs that can work together to perform complex functions?

A

System

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12
Q

What is the body as a whole?

A

Organism

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13
Q

Supine Position

A

– the body is lying face upward

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14
Q

Prone Position

A
  • the body is lying face downward
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15
Q

Superior

A

– towards the head, upper or above
Inferior – towards the feet, lower or below

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16
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

– front, in front of

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17
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

– back, at the back of

18
Q

Medial

A

– towards the midline of the body

19
Q

Lateral

A

– towards the side, away from the midline

20
Q

Proximal

A

–nearest the trunk of the body or nearest the point of origin of a body part

21
Q

Distal

A

– away from or farthest from the trunk or point of origin of a body part

22
Q

Superficial

A

– nearer the surface of the body

23
Q

Deep

A

– farther away from the body surface

24
Q

Sagittal plane

A

– a lengthwise plane running from front and back dividing the body into right and left portions

25
Q

Midsagittal plane

A
  • divides body into equal right and left halves
26
Q

Frontal or Coronal plane

A

– a lengthwise plane running from side to side dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

27
Q

Transverse plane

A

– a horizontal or crosswise plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

28
Q

Ventral Cavities

A

1.1 Thoracic cavity or Chest cavity
1.1.1 Mediastinum - contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, aorta, vena cavae, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, thymus
1.1.2. Pleural cavities - contain the lungs

29
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

-contains the stomach, intestines,
liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands

30
Q

diaphragm

A

The diaphragm anatomically separates the thoracic cavity
from the abdominal cavity below.

31
Q

Pelvic cavity

A
  • contains the urinary bladder,
    uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, rectum, prostate gland

There is no anatomical structure that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity, hence the term
abdominopelvic cavity to refer to the two cavities taken as a whole.

32
Q

Dorsal Cavities

A

2.1 Cranial cavity -
contains the brain

2.2 Spinal cavity -
contains the spinal
cord

33
Q

Right Upper or
Right Superior Quadrant holds what organs?

A

Liver (right lobe)
Gallbladder
Pylorus (of stomach)
Duodenum
Pancreas (head)
Right kidney and adrenal gland
Colon: upper ascending colon,
hepatic flexure and right half of
transverse colon

34
Q

Left Upper or Left Superior
Quadrant holds what organs

A

Liver (left lobe)
Spleen
Stomach
Part of jejunum
Proximal ileum
Pancreas (body and tail)
Left kidney and adrenal gland
Colon: left half of transverse
colon, splenic flexure and
superior part of descending
colon

35
Q

Right Lower or Right
Inferior Quadrant holds what organs?

A

Majority of ileum
Cecum with vermiform
appendix
Lower ascending colon
Right ureter
Right ovary
Right fallopian tube

36
Q

Left Lower or Left
Inferior Quadrant

A

Part of jejunum
Distal descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Left ureter
Left ovary
Left fallopian tube

37
Q

NINE REGIONS OF THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY

A

Right Hypochondriac Region

Epigastric Region

Left Hypochondriac Region

Right Lumbar Region

Umbilical Region

Left Lumbar Region

Right Iliac or Right

Hypogastric Region

Left Iliac or Left Inguinal

38
Q

Upper abdominopelvic regions

A

The right and left hypochondriac
regions and the epigastric
region lie above an imaginary
line across the abdomen at the
level of the 9th rib cartilages

Right Hypochondriac Region
Right lobe of Liver
Gall Bladder
Epigastric Region
Right and left lobes of liver
Major part of the stomach
Left Hypochondriac Region
Small portion of the stomach
A portion of the splenic flexure
Spleen

39
Q

Middle abdominopelvic
regions

A

– The right and left
lumbar regions and the
umbilical region lie below
an imaginary line across
the abdomen at the level of
the 9th rib cartilages and
above an imaginary line
across the abdomen at the
top of the hip bones.

Right Lumbar Region
Ascending Colon
Hepatic Flexure
Portions of the small intestine
Umbilical Region
Transverse Colon
Portions of the small intestine
Left Lumbar Region
Splenic Flexure
Descending Colon
Portions of the small intestine

40
Q

Lower abdominopelvic
regions

A

The right and left iliac (inguinal)
regions) and the hypogastric
region lie below an imaginary
line across the abdomen at
the level of the top of the hip
bones

Right Iliac or Right
Inguinal Region
Cecum
Portions of the small intestine
Hypogastric Region
Portions of the small intestine
Appendix
Urinary Bladder
Left Iliac or Left Inguinal
Region
Portions of the small intestine
and descending colon

41
Q

The hierarchy of structural organization

A

. Chemical Level - Atoms form molecules
. Cellular Level - Cells and their functional subunits
. Tissue Level - A group of cells performing a common function
. Organ Level - A discrete structure made up of more than one tissue
. Organ System Level - Organs working together for a common purpose
. Organismal Level - The result of all simpler levels working in unison

intro/cells/tissues/integumentry (4 decks)

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