Introduction To The Body

Question 1

Scientific method

Answer 1

Any logical and systematic approach to discovering principles of nature, often involving testing of tentative explanation called hypotheses

Question 2

Hypothesis (plural = hypotheses

Answer 2

A proposed explanation of an observed phenomenon.

Question 3

Experimentation

Answer 3

The performance of a study that usually tests a tentative explanation of nature called a hypothesis

Question 4

Experimental controls

Answer 4

Any procedure within a scientific experiment ensures that the test situation itself is not affecting the outcome of the experiment

Question 5

Theory vs Law

Answer 5

Law - a scientific law is a theory, or explanation of a scientific principle, with an extraordinary high degree of confidence of scientists based on experimentation

Theory - an explanation of a scientific principle that has been tested experimentally and found to be true; compare to hypothesis and law

Question 6

Levels of organization

Answer 6

The levels of organization progress from the least complex (chemical level) to the most complex (organism level.)

Question 7

Chemical Level Of Organization Includes:

Answer 7

Atoms-> Molecules

Question 8

What are cells considered

Answer 8

To be the smallest “living” units of structure and function in our body.

Question 9

What is an organization of many cells that act together to perform a common function?

Answer 9

Tissues

Question 10

What is a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged in ways that allow them to act as a unit to perform a special function? Is also larger and more complex than tissues.

Answer 10

Organs

Unlike microscopic molecules and cells, some tissues and most organs are gross (large) structures that can be seen easily without a microscope.

Question 11

What are the most complex units that make up the body? A varying numbers and types of organs that can work together to perform complex functions?

Answer 11

System

Question 12

What is the body as a whole?

Answer 12

Organism

Question 13

Supine Position

Answer 13

– the body is lying face upward

Question 14

Prone Position

Answer 14

• the body is lying face downward

Question 15

Superior

Answer 15

– towards the head, upper or above
Inferior – towards the feet, lower or below

Question 16

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 16

– front, in front of

Question 17

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 17

– back, at the back of

Question 18

Medial

Answer 18

– towards the midline of the body

Question 19

Lateral

Answer 19

– towards the side, away from the midline

Question 20

Proximal

Answer 20

–nearest the trunk of the body or nearest the point of origin of a body part

Question 21

Distal

Answer 21

– away from or farthest from the trunk or point of origin of a body part

Question 22

Superficial

Answer 22

– nearer the surface of the body

Question 23

Deep

Answer 23

– farther away from the body surface

Question 24

Sagittal plane

Answer 24

– a lengthwise plane running from front and back dividing the body into right and left portions

Question 25

Midsagittal plane

Answer 25

- divides body into equal right and left halves

Question 26

Frontal or Coronal plane

Answer 26

– a lengthwise plane running from side to side dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

Question 27

Transverse plane

Answer 27

– a horizontal or crosswise plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

Question 28

Ventral Cavities

Answer 28

1.1 Thoracic cavity or Chest cavity 1.1.1 Mediastinum - contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, aorta, vena cavae, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, thymus 1.1.2. Pleural cavities - contain the lungs

Question 29

Abdominal Cavity

Answer 29

-contains the stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands

Question 30

diaphragm

Answer 30

The diaphragm anatomically separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity below.

Question 31

Pelvic cavity

Answer 31

- contains the urinary bladder, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, rectum, prostate gland There is no anatomical structure that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity, hence the term abdominopelvic cavity to refer to the two cavities taken as a whole.

Question 32

Dorsal Cavities

Answer 32

2.1 Cranial cavity - contains the brain 2.2 Spinal cavity - contains the spinal cord

Question 33

Right Upper or Right Superior Quadrant holds what organs?

Answer 33

Liver (right lobe) Gallbladder Pylorus (of stomach) Duodenum Pancreas (head) Right kidney and adrenal gland Colon: upper ascending colon, hepatic flexure and right half of transverse colon

Question 34

Left Upper or Left Superior Quadrant holds what organs

Answer 34

Liver (left lobe) Spleen Stomach Part of jejunum Proximal ileum Pancreas (body and tail) Left kidney and adrenal gland Colon: left half of transverse colon, splenic flexure and superior part of descending colon

Question 35

Right Lower or Right Inferior Quadrant holds what organs?

Answer 35

Majority of ileum Cecum with vermiform appendix Lower ascending colon Right ureter Right ovary Right fallopian tube

Question 36

Left Lower or Left Inferior Quadrant

Answer 36

Part of jejunum Distal descending colon Sigmoid colon Left ureter Left ovary Left fallopian tube

Question 37

NINE REGIONS OF THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY

Answer 37

Right Hypochondriac Region Epigastric Region Left Hypochondriac Region Right Lumbar Region Umbilical Region Left Lumbar Region Right Iliac or Right Hypogastric Region Left Iliac or Left Inguinal

Question 38

Upper abdominopelvic regions

Answer 38

The right and left hypochondriac regions and the epigastric region lie above an imaginary line across the abdomen at the level of the 9th rib cartilages Right Hypochondriac Region Right lobe of Liver Gall Bladder Epigastric Region Right and left lobes of liver Major part of the stomach Left Hypochondriac Region Small portion of the stomach A portion of the splenic flexure Spleen

Question 39

Middle abdominopelvic regions

Answer 39

– The right and left lumbar regions and the umbilical region lie below an imaginary line across the abdomen at the level of the 9th rib cartilages and above an imaginary line across the abdomen at the top of the hip bones. Right Lumbar Region Ascending Colon Hepatic Flexure Portions of the small intestine Umbilical Region Transverse Colon Portions of the small intestine Left Lumbar Region Splenic Flexure Descending Colon Portions of the small intestine

Question 40

Lower abdominopelvic regions

Answer 40

The right and left iliac (inguinal) regions) and the hypogastric region lie below an imaginary line across the abdomen at the level of the top of the hip bones Right Iliac or Right Inguinal Region Cecum Portions of the small intestine Hypogastric Region Portions of the small intestine Appendix Urinary Bladder Left Iliac or Left Inguinal Region Portions of the small intestine and descending colon

Question 41

The hierarchy of structural organization

Answer 41

. Chemical Level - Atoms form molecules . Cellular Level - Cells and their functional subunits . Tissue Level - A group of cells performing a common function . Organ Level - A discrete structure made up of more than one tissue . Organ System Level - Organs working together for a common purpose . Organismal Level - The result of all simpler levels working in unison