Introduction to the ANS

Question 1

Which branch of the ANS is dominant in the basal control of heart rate?

Answer 1

Parasympathetic

Question 2

Which branch of the ANS is responsible for stimulation of bladder-emptying?

Answer 2

Parasympathetic

Question 3

Which NT is released in between the pre- and post-synaptic fibres in the ANS?

Answer 3

ACh

Question 4

What NT is used in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 4

ACh

Question 5

Where do all sympathetic nerves originate?

Answer 5

Thoracolumbar

Question 6

Where is ACh found in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 6

1. Between pre- and post-synaptic fibres

2. When activating sweat glands

Question 7

How does the influence of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems differ?

Answer 7

Parasympathetic = discrete, localised effect; sympathetic = co-ordinated mass-activation of neurones

Question 8

What is a type 1 receptor?

Answer 8

Linked to an ion-channel, “ionotropic”

Question 9

Where are nicotinic receptors found?

Answer 9

Within the ganglion

Question 10

What sort of receptor is a nicotinic receptor?

Answer 10

Ion-channel linked, type 1

Question 11

Describe the differences in speed between nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

Answer 11

Nicotinic = very fast; muscarinic = much slower

Question 12

What sort of receptor is a muscarinic receptor?

Answer 12

Type 2 G-protein linked

Question 13

Name the 2 receptors activated by ACh

Answer 13

Nicotinic; muscarinic

Question 14

Where are muscarinic receptors found?

Answer 14

End of autonomic ganglia

Question 15

Which branch of the ANS enables you to see objects close-up?

Answer 15

Parasympathetic

Question 16

If you block nicotinic receptors at rest, how will your heart rate change?

Answer 16

It will INCREASE because the dominant parasympathetic nervous system will be knocked out

Question 17

Recall the locations of the 3 main types of muscarinic receptor

Answer 17

M1 - neural
M2 - Cardiac
M3 - Exocrine + SMCs

Question 18

What is the main function of M1 receptors?

Answer 18

Learning and memory

Question 19

What is the main function of M2 receptors?

Answer 19

Cardiac inhibitory autoreceptors

Question 20

What sort of receptor controls food intake in the hypothalamus?

Answer 20

M3 muscarinic

Question 21

What sort of receptors are adrenoceptors?

Answer 21

G-coupled

Question 22

What sort of receptors are located at the end of sympathetic nerves?

Answer 22

Adrenoceptors

Question 23

Recall the 4 types of adrenoceptor and their location

Answer 23

alpha1- pre-synaptic membrane
alpha2- CNS?
beta1- heart
beta2- blood vessels

Question 24

What sort of receptors are adrenoceptors?

Answer 24

G-coupled

Question 25

Recall the composition of muscle-type and ganglion-type nicotinic receptors

Answer 25

Muscle type: 2 alpha, beta, delta, epsilon | Ganglion type: 2 alpha, 3 beta

Question 26

Recall the G-protein coupling of M1, M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors

Answer 26

M1 - Gq M2 - Gi M3 - Gq