Introduction to the ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Which branch of the ANS is dominant in the basal control of heart rate?

A

Parasympathetic

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2
Q

Which branch of the ANS is responsible for stimulation of bladder-emptying?

A

Parasympathetic

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3
Q

Which NT is released in between the pre- and post-synaptic fibres in the ANS?

A

ACh

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4
Q

What NT is used in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

ACh

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5
Q

Where do all sympathetic nerves originate?

A

Thoracolumbar

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6
Q

Where is ACh found in the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  1. Between pre- and post-synaptic fibres

2. When activating sweat glands

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7
Q

How does the influence of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems differ?

A

Parasympathetic = discrete, localised effect; sympathetic = co-ordinated mass-activation of neurones

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8
Q

What is a type 1 receptor?

A

Linked to an ion-channel, “ionotropic”

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9
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors found?

A

Within the ganglion

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10
Q

What sort of receptor is a nicotinic receptor?

A

Ion-channel linked, type 1

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11
Q

Describe the differences in speed between nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

A

Nicotinic = very fast; muscarinic = much slower

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12
Q

What sort of receptor is a muscarinic receptor?

A

Type 2 G-protein linked

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13
Q

Name the 2 receptors activated by ACh

A

Nicotinic; muscarinic

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14
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors found?

A

End of autonomic ganglia

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15
Q

Which branch of the ANS enables you to see objects close-up?

A

Parasympathetic

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16
Q

If you block nicotinic receptors at rest, how will your heart rate change?

A

It will INCREASE because the dominant parasympathetic nervous system will be knocked out

17
Q

Recall the locations of the 3 main types of muscarinic receptor

A

M1 - neural
M2 - Cardiac
M3 - Exocrine + SMCs

18
Q

What is the main function of M1 receptors?

A

Learning and memory

19
Q

What is the main function of M2 receptors?

A

Cardiac inhibitory autoreceptors

20
Q

What sort of receptor controls food intake in the hypothalamus?

A

M3 muscarinic

21
Q

What sort of receptors are adrenoceptors?

A

G-coupled

22
Q

What sort of receptors are located at the end of sympathetic nerves?

A

Adrenoceptors

23
Q

Recall the 4 types of adrenoceptor and their location

A

alpha1- pre-synaptic membrane
alpha2- CNS?
beta1- heart
beta2- blood vessels

24
Q

What sort of receptors are adrenoceptors?

A

G-coupled

25
Q

Recall the composition of muscle-type and ganglion-type nicotinic receptors

A

Muscle type: 2 alpha, beta, delta, epsilon

Ganglion type: 2 alpha, 3 beta

26
Q

Recall the G-protein coupling of M1, M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors

A

M1 - Gq
M2 - Gi
M3 - Gq