Introduction To TEFL Flashcards
Abbreviations:
ELL
English language learner.
Abbreviations:
EFL
English as a foreign language.
Abbreviations:
ELT
English language teaching.
Abbreviations:
ESL
English as a second language
Abbreviations:
ESOL
English for speakers of other languages
Abbreviations:
TEFL
Teaching English as a Foreign Language
TESL
Teaching English as a Second Language
TESOL
Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languaged
The goal of every teacher Engaged in _ _ _ is to ensure that every _ _ _ learns to speak english and enable effective oral communication.
ELT - English language teacher
ELL - English language learner
Please list three common factors for consideration when teaching TEFL
Commitment and dedication Age Confidence Natural flair for languages Cultural background Intelligence
Please list three issues that a TEFL teacher may need to overcome
Why is the student studying - more motivated
Under what circumstances - made by there parents
Cultural background - is there a mix in class
Lack of exposure - to English speakers
Age factor - varying age groups
.. A child is like a sponge
.. Teenager more focused on personal interests
.. Adults more self motivated
When addressing the intelligence factor the teacher should address the students ____________ _________
Intelligence strengths
In the book “frames of mind” by Howard Gardner, he recognizes __ separate intelligence modalities.
8
8 intelligence modes:
Please define An interpersonal intelligence?
They work or study best in pairs or groups and should be encouraged to do so.
Please define an intrapersonal intelligence.
They are more self reliant and often prefer to study alone.
Please define logical-mathematical intelligence.
Likely to have logical analytical minds and respond to logical grammatical explanations, however they need to understand and accept that learning a new language is not that clear cut at times.
Please define the Linguistic intelligence.
They love learning languages and new words.
Please define the Bodily-Kinaesthetic intelligence
They usually use there body to express emotions, and find difficulty sitting still for to long. Incorporate physical activity as part of there learning process.
Please define spatial intelligence.
They are likely to have strong visual awareness and benefit from words by drawing pictures to represent those words.
Please define musical intelligence.
Their learning process will usually benefit from listening to music whilst studying and from listening to English songs.
Please define a naturalist intelligence.
Usually good at classifying things in groups so should be encouraged to group words in recognisable categories to enhance their learning process.
An EFL teacher may apply different strategies to overcome the relative disadvantages faced by EFL students over those taking an ESL course . These include.
- Focus on classroom English - to teach students how to study English as a foreign language.
- Technique - developing a consistent technique conducive to students clearly understanding each stage.
- Setting tasks - one must help progress by setting regular but realistic homework tasks within the EFL context.
- Expectations -
I - do not create unrealistic goals and expectations within the mind of the student.
II - do not create unrealistic goals and expectations in your mind as to what the students will achieve.
Methods or techniques used to teach adults is known as ______________ developed by prof Malcolm Knowles. They can be stated a __ assumptions and __ principles.
Andragogy
Five assumptions
Four principles
5 Andragogy strategy assumptions are ?
- Self concept.
- Adult learner experience.
- Readiness to learn.
- Orientation to learning.
- Motivation to learn.
Andragogy assumption strategies:
As a person matures, the motivation to learn becomes internal.
Motivation to learn
Andragogy assumption strategies:
As a person matures, his/her time perspective changes from one of postponed application of knowledge to immediacy of application and accordingly, his/her orientation towards learning shifts from one of subject centeredness to one of problem centeredness.
Orientation to learning
Andragogy assumption strategies.
As a person matures his/her self-concept moves from one of being a dependent personality towards one of being a self-directed being.
Self concept.
Andragogy assumption strategies:
As a person matures, his/her readiness to learn becomes increasingly orientated to the developmental task of his/her social skills
Readiness to learn
Andragogy assumption strategies.
As a person matures he/she accumulates a growing reservoir of experiences that becomes an increasing resource for learning.
Adult learner experience.
Please name the four andragogy principles?
- Involved adult learners
- Adult learners experience
- Relevance and impact to learners lives
- Problem centered
Andragogy principles
Adults need to be involved in the planning and evaluation of their instruction.
Involved adult learners
Andragogy principles.
Experience including mistakes provides the basis for the learning activity.
Adult learners experience.
Andragogy principles.
Adults are most interested in learning subjects that have immediate on there job or personal life.
Relevance and impact to learners lived.
Andragogy principles.
Adult learning is problem centered rather than content oriented
Problem centered.
Student led learning is known as?
Andragogy
Teacher directed learning is known as?
Pedagogy
The best known theories that have been tested and proven are combined with the most effective practical teaching techniques.
Best theories + best techniques = best results
This is known as the?
Eclectic Method
TESL and TEFL use _____________ as part of the teaching process to achieve the best results.
Psychology
Under the ____________ ______________ method. The focus is on reading and writing and speaking and listening were not part of the curriculum.
Grammar translation
Charles Berlitz introduced the ____________ method for teaching languages. The approach was to use pantomime, real objects and visual materials to teach vocabulary.
Direct (or natural) method
Based on behaviorist theory and focusing on positive and negative reinforcement of behaviours. It focuses on teaching grammar rather than vocabulary and students communicate in the target language. This is known as the ____________ ___________ method (or Army method) as it was used to teach foreign languages during the war
Audio Lingual Method
James Asher in the 1970’s developed _ _ _ or total response method. It relies on students physical responding to words by the teacher. It is still used to teach English and is effective when teaching children, particularly when teaching new vocabulary.
TRP - total physical response
Developed by Georgi Lozanov in the 1970’s.
______________ relies on enhancing learning by tapping into the power of suggestion.
Suggestopedia
Developed by the council of Europe, “The _____________ ____________” came to prominence in the 1970/1980’s. It is a broad approach to teaching rather than a method of clearly set classroom practices. If a teacher adapted this method, he/she would need to pretend to understand only what any regular speaker of the target language would understand - (a major defect in teaching)
The Communicative Approach
