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Cisco CCENT/CCNA > Introduction to TCP/IP Networking > Flashcards

Introduction to TCP/IP Networking Flashcards

1
Q

What does ISO stand for?

A

International Organization for Standardization

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2
Q

OSI Reference Model: Device and Protocol Examples

Appplication, Presentation, Session Layers (5-7)

A

Protocols and Specifications

Telnet, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP3, VoIP, SNMP

Devices

Hosts, firewalls

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3
Q

OSI Reference Model: Device and Protocol Examples

Transport (Layer 4)

A

Protocols and Specifications

TCP, UDP

Devices

Hosts, firewalls

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4
Q

OSI Reference Model: Device and Protocol Examples

Physical (Layer 1)

A

Protocols and Specifications

RJ-45, Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)

Devices

LAN hub, LAN repeater, cables

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5
Q

OSI Encapsulation Terminology

A

PDU- Protocol Data Unit - represents the bits that include the headers and trailers for that layer, as well as the encapsulated data.

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6
Q

Describe Encapsulation?

A

refers to the process of putting headers (and sometimes trailers) around some data.

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7
Q

What is adjacent-layer interaction?

A

which refers to the concepts of how adjacent layers in a networking model, on the same computer, work together

Ex. when higher-layer protocol (HTTP) wants error recovery, and the higher layer uses the next lower-layer protocol (TCP) to perform the service of error recovery;

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8
Q

Name the seven layers of the OSI model

A
  1. Application
  2. Presentation
  3. Session
  4. Transport
  5. Network
  6. Data Link
  7. Physical
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9
Q

What is PPP, and what layer is this protocol located on?

A

PPP stands for Point-to-Point Protocol, which is located on Link layer (L2)

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10
Q

The term frame refers to what layer?

A

Link layer

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11
Q

Describe the TCP/IP link layer?

A

includes two distinct functions:

  1. functions related to the physical transmission of the data
  2. plue the protocols and rules that control the use of the physical media
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12
Q

What is a Protocol?

A

Which is a set of logical rules that devices must follow to communicate

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13
Q

What is URL?

A

Uniform Resource Locators

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14
Q

TCP/IP Network Layer major protocol?

A

IP (Internet Protocol) which provides addressing and routing.

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15
Q

OSI Reference Model Layer Description

Transport Layer

A

In function, much like TCP/IP’s transport layer. This layer focuses on data delivery between the two endpoint host (for example, error recovery)

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16
Q

The process of using Ethernet to Forward and IP Packet to a Router.

A

Step 1. Encapsulate the IP packet between an Ethernet header and Ethernet trailer, creating an Ethernet frame.

Step 2. Physically transmit the bits of this Ethernet frame, using electricity flowing over the Ethernet cabliing.

Step 3. The router physically receives the electrical signal over a cable, and re-creates the same bits by interpreting the meaning of the electrical signals.

Step 4. The receiving router de-encapsulates the IP packet from the Ethernet frame by removing and discardimg the Ethernet header and trailer.

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17
Q

The term segment refers to what layer?

A

Transport Layer

18
Q

List the benefits of layered protocol specification?

A
  1. Less complex: Compared to not using a layered model, network models break the concepts into smaller parts.
  2. Standare interfaces: The standard interface definitions between each layer allow multiple vendors to create products that fill a particular role, with all the benefits of open competition.
  3. Easier to learn: Humans can more easily discuss and learn about the many details of a protocol specification.
  4. Easier to develop: Reduced complexity allows easier program changes and faster product development.
  5. Mulitvendor interoperability: Creating products to meet the same networking standards means that computers and networking gear from multiple vendors can work in the same network.
  6. Modular engineering: One vendor can write software that implements higher layers - for example, a web browser - and another vendor can write software that implements the lower layers - for example, Microsoft’s built-in TCP/IP software in its operating systems.
19
Q

What are the layers to TCP/IP

A

Applciation

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

20
Q

OSI Reference Model Layer Description

Presentation Layer

A

This layer negotiates data formats, such as ACSII text, or image types like JPEG.

21
Q

TCP/IP Error Recovery

A

To recover from errors, TCP uses the concept of acknowledgements.

22
Q

OSI Reference Model Layer Description

Session Layer

A

This layer provides methods to group multiple bidirectional messages into a workflow for easier managment and easier backout of work that happended if the entire workflow fails.

23
Q

What does a IP header include?

A

IP header includes a source IP address and a destination IP address

24
Q

What style of notation is 1.1.1.1?

A

dotted-decimail notation (DDN)

25
Q

TCP/IP Application Layer Protocol

A

provide services to the application software running on a computer

For example: application protocol HTTP defines how web browsers can pull the contents of a web page from a web server.

26
Q

OSI Reference Model: Device and Protocol Examples

Network (Layer 3)

A

Protocols and Specifications

IP

Devices

Routers

27
Q

What are the two versions of IP?

A

IP version 4 (IPv4)

IP version 6 (IPv6)

28
Q

OSI Reference Model Layer Description

Network Layer

A

Like the TCP/IP network (Internet) layer, this layer defines logical addressing, routing (forwarding), and the routing protocols used to learn routes.

29
Q

What did ISO come up with to solve the vendor-neutral networking model

A

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking model

30
Q

OSI Reference Model Layer Description

Data Link Layer

A

Like the TCP/IP data link layer, this layer defines the protocols for delivering data over a particular single type of physical network (for example, the Ethernet data link protocols)

31
Q

The term packet refers to what layer?

A

Network Layer

32
Q

OSI Reference Model Layer Description

Physical Layer

A

This layer diefines the physical characteristics of the transmission medium, including connectors, pins, use of pins, electrical currents, encoding, light modulation, and so on.

33
Q

What is HTTP?

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

34
Q

OSI Reference Model: Device and Protocol Examples

Ethernet (Layer 2)

A

Protocols and Specifications

Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), HDLC

Devices

LAN switch, wireless access point, cable modem, DSL modem

35
Q

Describe the five step process by which a TCP/IP host sends data?

A

Step 1. Create and encapsulate the application data with any required application layer headers. For example, the HTTP OK message can be returned in an HTTP header, followed by part of the contents of a web page.

Step 2. Encapsulate the data supplied by the application layer inside a transport layer header. For end-user applications, a TCP or UDP header is typically used.

Step 3. Encapsulate the data supplied by the transport layer inside a network layer (IP) header. IP defines the IP addresses that uniquely identify each computer.

Step 4. Encapsulate the data supplied by the network layer inside a data link layer header and trailer. This layer uses both header and a trailer.

Step 5. Transmit the bits. The physical layer encodes a signal onto the medium ot transmit the frame.

36
Q

The process of fowarding IP packets is called?

A

IP routing (routing)

37
Q

How does OSI terminology refer to abbreviated PDUs?

For example Layer 3

A

L(x)PDU, with x referring to the number of the layer being discussed

L3PDU

38
Q

Refers to a comprehensive set of documents

A

Networking model, sometimes also called either a networking architecture or networking blueprint

39
Q

The Information Technology (IT) world refers to a network created by one corporation, or enterprise, for the purpose of allowing its employees to communicate, as an?

A

Enterprise Network

40
Q

OSI Reference Model Layer Description

Application Layer

A

Provides an interface from the application to the network by supplying a protocol with actions meaningful to the applciation, for example, “get web page object”

41
Q

What is same-layer interaction?

A

when a particular layer on one computer wants to communicate with the same layer on another computer, the two computers use headers to hold the information that they want to communicate.

42
Q

TCP/IP Transport Layer Protocols

A

Two of the most commonly used transport layer protocols are the

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Cisco CCENT/CCNA (3 decks)

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