Introduction to Surveillance Flashcards
What is the Problem?
Surveillance
What is the cause?
Risk factor Identification
What works?
Intervention Evaluation
How do you do it?
Implementation
Public Health Approach
PROBLEM ——–> RESPONSE
Public Health Core Sciences
Prevention Effectiveness
Epidemiology
Laboratory
Informatics
Surveillance
The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of
health-related data essential to planning, implementation, and
evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control
Public Health Surveillance
Public Health Surveillance Keywords
systematic
ongoing
collection
analysis
interpretation
dissemination
health-related data
linked to public health practice
Goal of Public Health Surveillance
Provide information that can be used for health action by public health personnel, government leaders, and the public to guide public health policy and programs
True or False:
Uses of Public Health Surveillance:
Identify patients and their contacts for treatment and
intervention
True
Example of Public Health Headlines
-Whooping Cough Kills Five in California; State Declares an Epidemic
-New CDC Report Shows Adult Obesity Growing or Holding Steady in All States
etc
Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and Health Events
of Public Health Concern Act
Republic Act No. 11332
This Act provide for policies and prescribing procedures on
surveillance and response to notifiable diseases, epidemics,
and health events of public health concern, and appropriating
funds therefor
Republic Act No. 11332
True or False:
Health care providers, hospitals, and laboratories are
required to report cases to the local health department (LHD)
TRUE
It is usually responsible for case investigation and action. Also forwards the disease report to the state health department
LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENT (LHD)
Types of Public Health Surveillance
- Passive Surveillance
- Active Surveillance
-Diseases are reported by health care providers
-Simple and inexpensive
-Limited by incompleteness of reporting and variability of quality
Passive Surveillance
-Health agencies contact health providers seeking reports
-Ensures more complete reporting of conditions
-Used in conjunction with specific epidemiologic investigation
Active Surveillance
Other Types of Public Health Surveillance
-Sentinel Surveillance
-Syndromic Surveillance
-Reporting of health events by health professionals who are selected to represent a geographic area or a specific reporting group
-Can be active or passive
Sentinel Surveillance
Focuses on one or more symptoms rather than a
physician-diagnosed or laboratory-confirmed disease
Syndromic Surveillance
ATTRIBUTE:
How useful is the system in accomplishing its objectives?
Usefulness
How reliable are the available data? How complete and accurate are data fields in the reports received by the system?
Data quality
How quickly are reports received?
Timeliness
How quickly can the system adapt to changes?
Flexibilty
How easy is the system’s operation
Simplicity
Does the surveillance system work well?
Does it break down often?
Stability
How well does it capture the intended cases?
Sensitivity
How many of the reported cases meet the case definition?
Predictive value positive
How good is the system at representing the population under
surveillance?
Representativeness
How easy is the system’s operation?
Acceptability
Surveillance Proces
-Data Collection
-Data Analysis
-Data Interpretation
-Data Dissemination
-Link to Action
Data Sources for Public Health Surveillanc
- Reported diseases or syndromes
- Electronic health records
- Vital records
- Registries
- Surveys
Before collecting data, decideon the overarching goal
of the system
Data Collection
Reporting to WHO is required for cases of
- Smallpox
- Poliomyelitis (wild type)
- Human influenza caused by
any new subtype - Severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS)
- Who will analyze the data?
- What methodology will they use?
- How often will they analyze the data?
Data Analysis
Data interpretation is closely coupled with data analysis
Data interpretation
- Health agency newsletters, bulletins, or alerts
- Surveillance summaries and reports
- Medical and epidemiologic journal articles
- Press releases and social media
Data Dissemination
Public health surveillance should always have a link to action
Link to action
Monitor trends and patterns in disease, risk factors, and agents
Link to action
“The reason for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating information on a disease is to control that disease. Collection and analysis should not be allowed to consume resources if action does not follow.”
—William Foege, 1976
True or False:
The Cutest»_space; Princess Shevhera Dela Cruz
TRUE TRUE TRUEEEEEEEEEEEE TOTOERLS
