Introduction to Surveillance

Question 1

What is the Problem?

Answer 1

Surveillance

Question 2

What is the cause?

Answer 2

Risk factor Identification

Question 3

What works?

Answer 3

Intervention Evaluation

Question 4

How do you do it?

Answer 4

Implementation

Question 5

Public Health Approach

Answer 5

PROBLEM ——–> RESPONSE

Question 6

Public Health Core Sciences

Answer 6

Prevention Effectiveness
Epidemiology
Laboratory
Informatics
Surveillance

Question 7

The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of
health-related data essential to planning, implementation, and
evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control

Answer 7

Public Health Surveillance

Question 8

Public Health Surveillance Keywords

Answer 8

systematic
ongoing
collection
analysis
interpretation
dissemination
health-related data
linked to public health practice

Question 9

Goal of Public Health Surveillance

Answer 9

Provide information that can be used for health action by public health personnel, government leaders, and the public to guide public health policy and programs

Question 10

True or False:
Uses of Public Health Surveillance:
Identify patients and their contacts for treatment and
intervention

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Example of Public Health Headlines

Answer 11

-Whooping Cough Kills Five in California; State Declares an Epidemic
-New CDC Report Shows Adult Obesity Growing or Holding Steady in All States
etc

Question 12

Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and Health Events
of Public Health Concern Act

Answer 12

Republic Act No. 11332

Question 13

This Act provide for policies and prescribing procedures on
surveillance and response to notifiable diseases, epidemics,
and health events of public health concern, and appropriating
funds therefor

Answer 13

Republic Act No. 11332

Question 14

True or False:
Health care providers, hospitals, and laboratories are
required to report cases to the local health department (LHD)

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

It is usually responsible for case investigation and action. Also forwards the disease report to the state health department

Answer 15

LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENT (LHD)

Question 16

Types of Public Health Surveillance

Answer 16

1. Passive Surveillance
2. Active Surveillance

Question 17

-Diseases are reported by health care providers
-Simple and inexpensive
-Limited by incompleteness of reporting and variability of quality

Answer 17

Passive Surveillance

Question 18

-Health agencies contact health providers seeking reports
-Ensures more complete reporting of conditions
-Used in conjunction with specific epidemiologic investigation

Answer 18

Active Surveillance

Question 19

Other Types of Public Health Surveillance

Answer 19

-Sentinel Surveillance
-Syndromic Surveillance

Question 20

-Reporting of health events by health professionals who are selected to represent a geographic area or a specific reporting group
-Can be active or passive

Answer 20

Sentinel Surveillance

Question 21

Focuses on one or more symptoms rather than a
physician-diagnosed or laboratory-confirmed disease

Answer 21

Syndromic Surveillance

Question 22

ATTRIBUTE:
How useful is the system in accomplishing its objectives?

Answer 22

Usefulness

Question 23

How reliable are the available data? How complete and accurate are data fields in the reports received by the system?

Answer 23

Data quality

Question 24

How quickly are reports received?

Answer 24

Timeliness

Question 25

How quickly can the system adapt to changes?

Answer 25

Flexibilty

Question 26

How easy is the system’s operation

Answer 26

Simplicity

Question 27

Does the surveillance system work well? Does it break down often?

Answer 27

Stability

Question 28

How well does it capture the intended cases?

Answer 28

Sensitivity

Question 29

How many of the reported cases meet the case definition?

Answer 29

Predictive value positive

Question 30

How good is the system at representing the population under surveillance?

Answer 30

Representativeness

Question 31

How easy is the system’s operation?

Answer 31

Acceptability

Question 32

Surveillance Proces

Answer 32

-Data Collection -Data Analysis -Data Interpretation -Data Dissemination -Link to Action

Question 33

Data Sources for Public Health Surveillanc

Answer 33

* Reported diseases or syndromes * Electronic health records * Vital records * Registries * Surveys

Question 34

Before collecting data, decideon the overarching goal of the system

Answer 34

Data Collection

Question 35

Reporting to WHO is required for cases of

Answer 35

* Smallpox * Poliomyelitis (wild type) * Human influenza caused by any new subtype * Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Question 36

* Who will analyze the data? * What methodology will they use? * How often will they analyze the data?

Answer 36

Data Analysis

Question 37

Data interpretation is closely coupled with data analysis

Answer 37

Data interpretation

Question 38

* Health agency newsletters, bulletins, or alerts * Surveillance summaries and reports * Medical and epidemiologic journal articles * Press releases and social media

Answer 38

Data Dissemination

Question 39

Public health surveillance should always have a link to action

Answer 39

Link to action

Question 40

Monitor trends and patterns in disease, risk factors, and agents

Answer 40

Link to action

Question 41

“The reason for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating information on a disease is to control that disease. Collection and analysis should not be allowed to consume resources if action does not follow.”

Answer 41

—William Foege, 1976

Question 42

True or False: The Cutest >> Princess Shevhera Dela Cruz

Answer 42

TRUE TRUE TRUEEEEEEEEEEEE TOTOERLS