Introduction to Spatial Data Flashcards

1
Q

Known as geographic information or geographic data, can be a representation on a map of real-world features and phenomena; however, it can also be any information with a location attached to it, whether on a map or not

A

Spatial Data

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2
Q

What has location and attribute information, storing information about where something is with information about something is?

A

GIS

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3
Q

Most basic way to categorize GIS data into two categories

A

Discrete or Continuous

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4
Q

What represents real-world features that have well-defined boundaries. A _________ feature is distinct from the other features around it. For example, a river is a _________ feature: You can be in the river, out of the river, or half-in and half-out of the river, but there is a distinct place where you stop being dry and begin getting wet.

A

Discrete - discrete data

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5
Q

What represents real-world phenomena that do not have well-defined boundaries. Examples of _________ phenomena include elevation, temperature, or rainfall. In each of these examples, there are no distinct places where the phenomena simply stop; values may change abruptly, but the phenomena continue to be measured. Hint: It makes sense to take the average of values.

A

Continuous data

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6
Q

Data model represents discrete objects on the surface of the earth, such as streetlights, roads, and buildings, as point, line, and polygon (area) features, respectively.

A

Vector geometry

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7
Q

A single x,y coordinate location, or vertex

A

Point

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8
Q

Made of two or more connected x,y coordinate locations, or vertices.

A

Line

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9
Q

Made of three or more connected x,y coordinate locations, or vertices, forming a closed loop.

A

Polygon

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10
Q

Map of downtown San Diego, California, shows the buildings, water, and land features as polygon features; roads and public transportation routes are shown as lines.

A

Vector Map

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11
Q

Points, lines, and polygons are comprised of both geometry and attributes, which provide additional information about the feature.

A

Vector attributes

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12
Q

Map Scale: more zoomed out, less details. City represented by point

A

Small Scale

A way to remember the difference is that a building feature on a large-scale map will appear large and detailed, while the same building on a small-scale map will appear small (or disappear altogether).

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13
Q

Map Scale: More zoomed in, more details. City represented by polygon

A

Large Scale

A way to remember the difference is that a building feature on a large-scale map will appear large and detailed, while the same building on a small-scale map will appear small (or disappear altogether).

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14
Q

What represents the surface of the earth as a grid of equally sized cells. An individual cell represents a portion of the earth, such as a square meter or a square mile. Each cell contains the information for that part of the earth.

A

Raster Data Model

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15
Q

Raster vs. Image

A

The terms “raster” and “image” are often used interchangeably, but they should not be. An image is a 2D pictorial representation, while a raster is the data model used to store information in rows and columns of cells. All images are rasters, but not all rasters are images. For example, a dataset that shows rainfall levels is considered a raster but is not an image.

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16
Q

Bands (in rasters)

A

contain several pieces of information. Represents data captured at a certain wavelength. For example, a satellite might capture an image that contains eight bands of information, each taken at a different wavelength of light, such as visible and infrared light.

17
Q

Raster Data Types

A

Continuous, Discrete, Imagery, Scanned maps as images, even Videos.

18
Q

True/False: Raster attributes are usually user defined

A

False

19
Q

True/False: Each pixel of a raster contains attribute information.

A

True