Introduction to Sociology, Anthropology, and Political Science Flashcards
Its is a group of academic disciplines that examines society and how people interact and develop as a culture.
Social Science
Anthropology is divided into 4 disciplines. What are these?
Archaeology
Biological anthropology
Cultural anthropology
Linguistic anthropology
The study of people, past and present. Focuses on understanding human condition both culturally and biologically
Anthropology
Systematic study of the government, politics and political behavior.
Political Science
4 Subfields of Political Science:
Political Theory
Comparative Politics
International Relations
Political Methodology
Systematic study of relationships among people; Study of human society
Sociology
Subfield of anthropology that investigates ancient culture and compares it to modern culture.
Archeology
; represents the process of gradual development. Natural selection occurs because individuals having more-useful traits survive better and produce more progeny than individuals with less-favorable traits.
Anthropology: Evolutionism
Charles Darwin develop Evolutionism in ___ upon the publication of ____
1859; On the origin of species
belief that the universe and the various forms of life were created by God out of nothing
Creationism
He explained the development of society; Was influenced by Charles Darwin’s Evolutionism
Herbert Spencer
He proposed the idea of unilineal evolution
E.B. Tylor
a society’s evolution is unidirectional, and it passes through three diff. stages
Unilineal Evolution
3 Stages of unilineal evolution
Savagery
Barbarism
Civilization
complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
culture or civilization
Three perspective of sociology
Structural Functional Theory
Social Conflict Theory
Symbolic Interactionism
Views society as a complex, but interconnected system, where each part works together as a functional whole.
Structural Functional Theory
Views the society as a system of groups that are not equal, and thus consistently general conflict and change.
Socual Conflict Theory
focuses on the symbolic meaning that people develop and rely upon in the process of social interaction.
Symbolic Interactionism
believed that individuals act according to their interpretation of the meaning of their world.
Max Weber
People interpret one another’s behavior and it is these interpretations that form “social bonds”. These interpretation are called:
“Definition of the situation”
Political doctrine that believes that protecting and enhancing the freedom of the individuals is the central problem of politics.
Liberalism
System of socialism of which the dominant feature is public ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange.
Marxism
Marxism is an economic and social system based on the political and economic theories of:
Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels.
2 classes of society under Capitalism
Capitalists (owns the mean of production)
Proletariat (the working class or the people)
taking the lens of critical and conflict perspective
Neo-Marxist
