Defining Cukture and Society from the Perspective of Anthropology and Sociology Flashcards
shared and socially transmitted ideas,
values, perceptions, which are used to
make sense of experience and which
generates behavior and are reflected in that behavior
Culture
a group of people living in the same
territory, relatively independent of people
outside their area, and participating in
common culture
Society
4 kinds of capital
Social Capital, Cultural Capital, Economic power, Symbolic Capital
whom you know;
your connections
Social Capital
what you have;
dispositions of the mind and body
Cultural Capital
material assets
which are convertible into money
Economic power
combination of the
three capitals
Symbolic Capital
Society if defined by 2 boundaries. What are these?
Physical ~ territory
Cultural ~ distinctiveness
structures that is structuring
our life
political power
Political power in the Philippines:
Democracy: By the people, for the
people, with the people
collection of all the physical objects that
people invented or borrowed from other
cultures
material culture
intangible elements
→ belief, values, customs, norms, symbols
Nonmaterial culture
Conceptions that people accept as true.
Beliefs
General shared conceptions of what is
good, right, appropriate, and important
regarding conduct, appearance, and
states of being.
Values
Rules specifying appropriate and
inappropriate behavior to a particular
social situation.
Norms
Any kind of physical or conceptual
phenomenon that carries additional
meaning beyond itself to others who
share in the culture
Symbol
Organized set of symbols by which
humans are able to think
Language
welcoming, embracing, and
practicing our culture
Enculturation
Margaret Mead: 3 Figurative Culture
Prefigurative, Cofigurative, Post figurative
old people learn from
young people
Prefigurative
learn from your colleague
Cofigurative
young people learn
from old people
post figurative
elements, patterns, traits, or institutions that are common to all human cultures
worldwide.
cultural universals
differences in social behaviors that different cultures exhibit around the world
cultural variations
culture within a broader mainstream culture, with its own separate values, practices, and
beliefs.
subculture
a type of subculture that rejects some of the norms and values of the dominant culture
counterculture
practice of viewing and judging someone
else’s culture according to the values and
beliefs of one’s own culture.
Ethnocentrism
Places a priority on understanding other
cultures, rather than dismissing them as
“strange”or “exotic”.
Cultural Relativism
values other cultures more than one’s own
culture.
Xenocentrism
4 Ways in which Hegemony Operates
- Past Influence
- Wide distribution of culture-making
resources - Cachet
- Persuasiveness
culture is always contested meaning
making process
Susan Wrights
could be interpreted as either individuals
or collectives (e.g. political parties, trades
unions, social movements) who exercise
agency as opposed to constraining social
structures
social actors
