introduction to sociology

Question 1

What is socialisation

Answer 1

Learning customs and societal norms through social interaction without ever being explicitly taught e.g social norms

Question 2

What is are agencies of socialisation, give examples

Answer 2

They are the institutions, groups and place within which people are socialised into their culture.
E.g media, religion, education

Question 3

what are focal social agencies, give examples

Answer 3

The agent of socialisation which at various points in our lies is the dominant influence
e.g family

Question 4

who is named as the “ father of sociology”

Answer 4

Auguste comte

Question 5

What are the two components of identity

Answer 5

Personal identity (aspects of ourselves that makes us unique) and social identity (aspects we share with the groups we belong to)

Question 6

What are the two ways individuals in society are divided up into different social groups

Answer 6

Differentiation and stratification

Question 7

Define differentiation and stratification

Answer 7

The groups, the hierarchy

Question 8

What are the two ways someone/a group can assert power?

Answer 8

Coerecion and authority

Question 9

What is functionalism

Answer 9

It is a sociological perspective that views society as a complex system of interacting parts working with one another to maintain stability

Question 10

what are the key features of functionalism

Answer 10

Key features include:
organic analogy
GAIL ( Goal attainment, Adaptation, Integration, Latency)
conservative ideology
unscientific
unable to explain conflict, change and diveristy in society
is a macro approach

Question 11

Who created the organic analogy

Answer 11

Durkhiem

Question 12

Who are the founding fathers of Marxism

Answer 12

Karl Mark and Fredrich Engels

Question 13

What approach is Marxism

Answer 13

A conflict structural approach (

Question 14

What are the two features that build the foundation of Marxism

Answer 14

The base and the superstructure

Question 15

What things make up the base

Answer 15

Relations of production (bourgeoise exploit the proletariat) and the means of production (land, factories ect)

Question 16

What are the two groups of people according to marxism

Answer 16

The bourgeoise ( the upper class) and the proletariat (the working class)

Question 17

what is meant by surplus value

Answer 17

Surplus value is the product of workers producing more …… Than needed in order for their employers to pay their wage. The money that comes from the excess product is referred to as surplus value, Marxist believe that any company/business that has surplus value is exploiting their workers

Question 18

What are the seven classes according to mike savage

Answer 18

Elite, established middle class, technical middle class, new affluent workers, traditional working class, emergent service workers, precariat

Question 19

What are the eras of feminism and when were they

Answer 19

Early feminism (late 1700s)
first wave feminism (1900s)
second wave feminism (1960s)
Third wave feminism (1990s)
Fourth wave feminism?? (now)

Question 20

what are key figures / features of each era

Answer 20

Early feminism - Mary Woolestonecraft and the vindication of rights of women
1st wave - Emmeline Pankhurst and the suffragette movement
2nd wave - Gloria Steinem and the invention and permitted use of contraception
3rd wave - identity and equality
4th wave - the “me too” movement

Question 21

what is the definition of sociological feminism

Answer 21

Society is based on the exploitation of women by men (the patriarchy)

Question 22

what are the four kinds of feminism and who are the key thinkers for each of them

Answer 22

Liberal - Anne Oakley
Radical - Geramain Greer
Marxist - Michele Barlatt
Intersectional - Limbine Crenshaw

Question 23

What are the three main recent eras

Answer 23

Modern era
late modern era
postmodern era

Question 24

what are the key features of the modern era

Answer 24

Development of a stable government , growth of capitalist economics and industrialisation, reduction in the importance of religion (rationality and secularisation) , individualism and beginning of globalisation

Question 25

What are the key features of the late modernist era

Answer 25

Changed that occurred in the modern era are intensifying, globalisation, more manufactured risk and risk consciousness

Question 26

What are key features of post modernism

Answer 26

Metanarratives no longer work, society is more fragmented, globalisation, Lyotard: scientific advancements are now about power not knowledge, consumerism

Question 27

What is the new right

Answer 27

Is term for various right wing groups whos beliefs centre around the importance of the nuclear family

Question 28

What are the three branches of interactionism

Answer 28

Social action theory, symbolic interactionism, phenomenology / ethnomethodology

Question 29

What are the three features of social action theory, give examples

Answer 29

Structural causes, Verstehen, social actions

Question 30

What are the key principles of symbolic interactionism

Answer 30

Actions are based on meanings, these meanings are based in interactions and experiences, meanings are fluid and negotiable

Question 31

What are the key ideas of symbolic interactionism and explain what they are

Answer 31

The looking glass self, labelling theory, dramaturgical approach

Question 32

Who are the key thinkers for phenomenology

Answer 32

Edmund Husserl - the world only makes sense because we impose meaning
Alfred Schutz - made phenomenology sociological

Question 33

who is the key thinker for ethnomethodology and what did he do

Answer 33

Harold Garfinkle - used breeching experiments to investigate how people construct common sense knowledge

Question 34

what are the three key debates in sociology

Answer 34

Nature vs nurture
structured vs action theory
free will vs determinism