introduction to sociology Flashcards
End of topic test
What is socialisation
Learning customs and societal norms through social interaction without ever being explicitly taught e.g social norms
What is are agencies of socialisation, give examples
They are the institutions, groups and place within which people are socialised into their culture.
E.g media, religion, education
what are focal social agencies, give examples
The agent of socialisation which at various points in our lies is the dominant influence
e.g family
who is named as the “ father of sociology”
Auguste comte
What are the two components of identity
Personal identity (aspects of ourselves that makes us unique) and social identity (aspects we share with the groups we belong to)
What are the two ways individuals in society are divided up into different social groups
Differentiation and stratification
Define differentiation and stratification
The groups, the hierarchy
What are the two ways someone/a group can assert power?
Coerecion and authority
What is functionalism
It is a sociological perspective that views society as a complex system of interacting parts working with one another to maintain stability
what are the key features of functionalism
Key features include:
organic analogy
GAIL ( Goal attainment, Adaptation, Integration, Latency)
conservative ideology
unscientific
unable to explain conflict, change and diveristy in society
is a macro approach
Who created the organic analogy
Durkhiem
Who are the founding fathers of Marxism
Karl Mark and Fredrich Engels
What approach is Marxism
A conflict structural approach (
What are the two features that build the foundation of Marxism
The base and the superstructure
What things make up the base
Relations of production (bourgeoise exploit the proletariat) and the means of production (land, factories ect)
What are the two groups of people according to marxism
The bourgeoise ( the upper class) and the proletariat (the working class)
what is meant by surplus value
Surplus value is the product of workers producing more …… Than needed in order for their employers to pay their wage. The money that comes from the excess product is referred to as surplus value, Marxist believe that any company/business that has surplus value is exploiting their workers
What are the seven classes according to mike savage
Elite, established middle class, technical middle class, new affluent workers, traditional working class, emergent service workers, precariat
What are the eras of feminism and when were they
Early feminism (late 1700s)
first wave feminism (1900s)
second wave feminism (1960s)
Third wave feminism (1990s)
Fourth wave feminism?? (now)
what are key figures / features of each era
Early feminism - Mary Woolestonecraft and the vindication of rights of women
1st wave - Emmeline Pankhurst and the suffragette movement
2nd wave - Gloria Steinem and the invention and permitted use of contraception
3rd wave - identity and equality
4th wave - the “me too” movement
what is the definition of sociological feminism
Society is based on the exploitation of women by men (the patriarchy)
what are the four kinds of feminism and who are the key thinkers for each of them
Liberal - Anne Oakley
Radical - Geramain Greer
Marxist - Michele Barlatt
Intersectional - Limbine Crenshaw
What are the three main recent eras
Modern era
late modern era
postmodern era
what are the key features of the modern era
Development of a stable government , growth of capitalist economics and industrialisation, reduction in the importance of religion (rationality and secularisation) , individualism and beginning of globalisation
What are the key features of the late modernist era
Changed that occurred in the modern era are intensifying, globalisation, more manufactured risk and risk consciousness
What are key features of post modernism
Metanarratives no longer work, society is more fragmented, globalisation, Lyotard: scientific advancements are now about power not knowledge, consumerism
What is the new right
Is term for various right wing groups whos beliefs centre around the importance of the nuclear family
What are the three branches of interactionism
Social action theory, symbolic interactionism, phenomenology / ethnomethodology
What are the three features of social action theory, give examples
Structural causes, Verstehen, social actions
What are the key principles of symbolic interactionism
Actions are based on meanings, these meanings are based in interactions and experiences, meanings are fluid and negotiable
What are the key ideas of symbolic interactionism and explain what they are
The looking glass self, labelling theory, dramaturgical approach
Who are the key thinkers for phenomenology
Edmund Husserl - the world only makes sense because we impose meaning
Alfred Schutz - made phenomenology sociological
who is the key thinker for ethnomethodology and what did he do
Harold Garfinkle - used breeching experiments to investigate how people construct common sense knowledge
what are the three key debates in sociology
Nature vs nurture
structured vs action theory
free will vs determinism
