Introduction to shallow foundations- Types of foundations

Question 1

What are the 2 main types of fouantions?

Answer 1

1. Shallow Foundations
2. Deep Foundations

Question 2

Define a shallow foundation

Answer 2

Depth to formation level is less than the breadth

Question 3

Define a deep foundation

Answer 3

Depth to the base is much greater than the breadth

Question 4

Give 3 examples of shallow foundations

Answer 4

• Pads footings for columns
• Strip footings for walls
• Rafts for whole structures

Question 5

Give 2 examples of deep foundations

Answer 5

• Piles in a group beneath a building or a column
• Pier or caisson beneath a major structural element (e.g. bridge piers)

Question 6

How is the load transferred in a shallow foundation?

Answer 6

Load is transferred into the soil horizontally

Question 7

How is the load transferred in a deep foundation?

Answer 7

Load is transferred into the soil both vertically and horizontally.

Question 8

When should a shallow foundation be used?

Answer 8

If a soil layer near the surface is capable of adequately supporting the structural loads, it is possible to use shallow foundations.

Question 9

When should a deep foundation be used?

Answer 9

If the soil near the surface is incapable of adequately supporting the structural loads, then piles or caissons and piers are used to transmit the load to suitable layers (of soil or rock) located at greater depth.