Introduction to renal system (16.3.2)

Question 1

What is the function of the glomerulus?

Answer 1

Filtration of blood to form urine

The glomerulus is a network of capillaries located in the nephron of the kidney.

Question 2

What structure surrounds the glomerulus?

Answer 2

Bowman’s capsule

Bowman’s capsule collects the filtrate from the glomerulus.

Question 3

What are the parts of the nephron in the kidney?

Answer 3

Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule

These structures are involved in the reabsorption and secretion processes in urine formation.

Question 4

What role do peritubular capillaries play?

Answer 4

Surround nephron tubules for reabsorption and secretion

Peritubular capillaries are important for nutrient and waste exchange.

Question 5

What activates stem cells in bone marrow to produce red blood cells?

Answer 5

Erythropoietin

The kidneys release erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production.

Question 6

What is 23-hydroxycholecalciferol related to?

Answer 6

Activation of Vitamin D

The kidneys convert 23-hydroxycholecalciferol to its active form.

Question 7

What deficiency is common in kidney failure patients?

Answer 7

Vitamin D deficiency

This can lead to bone health issues and impaired calcium absorption.

Question 8

What type of anemia may occur due to kidney failure?

Answer 8

RBC anemia

This results from decreased erythropoietin production.

Question 9

True or False: Kidney failure can cause venal failure in children.

Answer 9

True

Kidney failure can lead to complications, including venal failure.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for filtering blood in the kidney.

Answer 10

glomerulus

The glomerulus is a key structure in the nephron.

Question 11

What is the primary consequence of kidney failure?

Answer 11

Impaired filtration and waste removal

This can lead to various systemic complications.