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Science and Technology 1 > Introduction To Quality Assurance > Flashcards

Introduction To Quality Assurance Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 types of quality management?

A

Quality Assurance (QA)

Quality Control (QC)

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2
Q

What are the features of quality assurance (QA)?
(4)

A

It’s a system to assure quality

It sets out standards, processes and procedures

They include written documents and instructions

They help to prevent errors and ensure safety

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3
Q

What are the features of quality control (QC)?
(4)

A

It’s a tool that’s used as part of the QA process

It verifies the quality of the output

It tests systems

It detects errors

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4
Q

What are examples of actions and activities related to QA and QC in relation to radiation safety?
(4)

A

Documentation- policy, procedures, risk assessments, etc

Training

Monitoring- dosimeter badges

Testing of equipment

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5
Q

What are the 2 bodies to advise us about radiation safety?

A

Radiation Protection Advisor (RPA)

Medical Physics Expert (MPE)

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6
Q

What does RPA do?

A

It provides advice about the protection of its employees and the public from harmful effects of ionising radiation

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7
Q

What are examples of what has been done because of RPA?
(4)

A

Installation of radiation sources being introduced into service

Critical examination

Controlled and supervised areas

Physical control measures

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8
Q

What does the MPE do?
(2)

A

It provides the performance test required for each type of medical radiation equipment (x-ray tube and generator, CR, DR, dental, fluoro, etc)

It’s required to be involved in every medical exposure involving ionising radiation

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9
Q

What are examples of what has been done because of MPE?
(3)

A

Optimisation projects

Patient dosimeters

Selection and purchase of new equipment

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10
Q

What are the benefits of having a QA program with QC testing?
(5)

A

It’s a legal requirement

Doses are kept ALARP

There’s suitable monitoring of image quality and performance is us

It highlights drift in performance to see if things are getting worse

It provides good evidence for audit and inspectors to prove that departments comply with IRMER 2017

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11
Q

What are the key stakeholders and agents involved in the QA programme?
(4)

A

Employer, e.g. chief executive

Clinical, e.g. clinical leads, QC leads

Radiation safety, e.g. RPA, MPE

External, e.g. vendors, engineers

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12
Q

Why is local QC testing done?

A

To ensure that equipment meets the quality standards and that it performs consistently and safely

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13
Q

What are the 2 QC tests?

A

Level A tests

Level B tests

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14
Q

What are the QC level A tests?

A

Local QC

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15
Q

What are the level B QC tests?

A

Medical physics level QC

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16
Q

What are the features of the level A local QC tests?
(4)

A

It’s done 1-3 times a month

It’s a simple and quick pulse check

It uses inexpensive equipment

It’s relatively frequent

17
Q

What are the features of the level B medical physics level QC tests?
(4)

A

They’re done 1-3 times a year

They’re relatively difficult

They use specialised equipment

They’re less frequent

18
Q

What is the radiographic equipment life cycle?
(9)

A

Replacement/new x-ray equipment

Selection process (decide what specifically we need)

Installation (make sure the equipment is safe to use)

Acceptance/commissioning

Clinical use

Maintenance/routine QC testing

Optimisation (ensure that the equipment provides the least amount of radiation for adequate imaging)

Cease clinical use

Decommission/disposal

19
Q

When do we do local QC testing?
(4)

A

Local QC is performed monthly as routine

Full local QC is done after every engineer visit

When repairs need to be done

When doing updates on equipment, including software

20
Q

What does ad hoc mean?

A

Random testing

21
Q

What components form part of a QA programme?
(5)

A

Fault logging within a log book (useful for future issues to refer back to)

Image reject analysis (assessing how frequently images get rejected)

Clinical audits

Patient dose audits (assess if the amount of radiation used was expected)

Handover forms

22
Q

How is QC recorded?
Why?
(4)

A

Electronically

Because when paper was used, it was hard to find documents and record data

It ensures that all resources are accessible to everyone

There’s less risk of error

It’s easier to do

23
Q

What’s a limitation of electronic records of local QC?

A

We need to write access to be able to save ad edit spreadsheets

24
Q

Where is QC equipment used?
(2)

A

Plain imaging

Fluoroscopy

25
Q

What QC equipment is needed in plain imaging?
(4)

A

Radiation dosimeter

Filters made out of copper (the copper can damage digital detectors)

Alignment test object

Radiopaque marker (paperclip/pen)

26
Q

What QC equipment is needed in fluoroscopy?
(2)

A

Filters made out of copper

Image quality test objects

27
Q

What are common local QC errors?
(4)

A

Incorrect setup (most common)

Using the same copper filtration

Selecting the wrong exposure factors

Using the wrong AEC settings

28
Q

What should we do when using removable digital detectors?
(2)

A

Consider when moving and taping copper, not to drop the copper onto the detector

Make sure not to put objects over the detector, as this will cause ghosting artefacts

29
Q

What should we do when we get acceptable results?
(3)

A

Save the spreadsheet forms in an appropriate location

Make sure that during an audit everyone could find them quickly

If the results are acceptable, the LRSS don’t need to be notified

30
Q

What should we do when we get failed remedial results?
(3)

A

Contact LRSS for advice

Follow local handover procedure and inform relevant colleagues

31
Q

What should we do when we get suspension results?
(3)

A

Repeat the test again to confirm the result

When confirmed, contact LRSS for advice as to whether we should remove the equipment from clinical use

Follow local procedure for fault logging

Science and Technology 1 (17 decks)

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