Introduction to Psychology Flashcards
German scientist who accidentally conducted the first psychological experiment
Wilhelm Wundt
When did the birth of psychology occur?
1879
Russian Psychologist who discovered classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
The word “psychology” comes from the Greek word “_________”
Psyche
Austrian physician who developed Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Physical study of the body (different from psychology)
Physiology
Swiss biologist who is famous for studying children. Developed Piaget’s stages of development.
Jean Piaget
American psychologist who published “The Principles of Psychology”.
William James
William James highly believed in what three things?
- Pragmatism
- Functionalism
- James-Lange Theory
What condition did William James suffer from?
Long term depression
First female president of the A.P.A
Mary Calkins
Until the 1920’s, psychology was thought of as”___ _______ __ _______ ______”
The science of mental life
Greek who theorized the brain was the seed for progress
Plato
What is a psychoanalysis?
Analyzing someone’s mind
Until the 1920s, psychology was thought of as “the _______ of _______ life”.
Science
Mental
What is behaviorism?
Uses objective evidence of behavior as a basis for evidence and the only concern for research.
What is humanistic psychology?
rebelled against both psychoanalysis and behaviorism
What is cognitive neuroscience?
Study of biological foundations and mental phenomena
What is psychology?
The science of behavior and mental processes
What is behavior?
Anything an organism does
What are mental processes?
subjective experiences-experiences based on our own personal accounts.
Psychology is a science that requires:
- It requires observable and measureable results.
- There must be a methodology to it.
- Results must be repeatable.
What are the three main levels of analysis?
Biological
Psychological
Social-cultural
What are levels of analysis?
the differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon.
From the three main levels of analysis we get ______________ .
biopsychosocial
What is neuroscience?
To see how and why the brain does what it does.
What is evolutionary?
To see how humans adapt to environmental pressures, because of survival skills.
What is behavior genetics?
how much our genes and our environment influence us individually
What are Psychodynamic?
how behavior springs form unconscious drives and conflicts.
What is behavioral?
How we learn observably responses
What is cognitive?
How we transfer and store memories.
What is social culture?
How our behaviors and ways of thinking change depending on culture.
What is hindsight bias?
Thinking you know everything after it has happened.
What is overconfidence?
Thinking you know more than you actually do
In order for an experiment to be operational it must be _________.
Replicated
What is a case study?
Examining an individual or group in depth in order to find a universal answer.
What’s a survey?
Collecting information that cannot be studied by an experiment. Like attitudes or opinions.
What is naturalistic observation?
Observing something in its own environment without any interruptions.
What is a correlation?
One way in which one factor is related to anther factor, by one common factor.
What is correlation coefficient?
the mathematical expression of the relationship
What is an Illusory correlation?
The illusion of a relationship when there isn’t one there.
