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Computer Fundamentals and Programming > Introduction to Programming Concept > Flashcards

Introduction to Programming Concept Flashcards

1
Q

process of giving instructions to a computer to perform specific tasks or solve problems

A

programming

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2
Q

fundamental skill in today’s technology-driven world

A

programming

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3
Q

first step toward becoming a proficient programmer

A

understanding programming concepts

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4
Q

involves writing a set of instructions in a specific programming language that a computer can understand and execute

A

programming

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5
Q

dictate how the computer should manipulate data, make decisions, and perform various tasks

A

code

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6
Q

several important purposes that programming serves

A

automation, problem solving, creativity

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7
Q

programs allow us to automate repetitive tasks, making them faster and more efficient than manual processes

A

automation

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8
Q

Programming is a powerful tool for solving complex problems, from mathematical calculations to real-world challenges in fields like science, engineering, and business.

A

problem solving

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9
Q

Programming enables the creation of software applications, games, websites, and other digital innovations.

A

creativity

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10
Q

Importance of Programming Skills

A

Career Opportunities, Problem Solving, Critical Thinking, Innovation

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11
Q

Many industries, including technology, finance, healthcare, and entertainment, require programmers to develop software and applications

A

career opportunities

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12
Q

Programming teaches systematic problem-solving techniques that are applicable in various domains.

A

problem solving

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13
Q

programmers must think logically and critically to design effective solutions

A

critical thinking

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14
Q

programming is a key driver of innovation, leading to the development of new technologies and services

A

innovation

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15
Q

Types of Programming Languages

A

Python, Java, C++, JavaScript, Ruby

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16
Q

tools programmers use to communicate with computers

A

programming languages

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17
Q

known for its simplicity and readability

A

Python

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18
Q

a popular choice for beginners and versatile enough for a wide range of applications

A

Python

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19
Q

widely used for building applications especially for Android mobile devices

A

Java

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20
Q

known for its performance and used in systems programming, game development, and more

A

C++

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21
Q

primarily used for web development to add interactivity to websites

A

JavaScript

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22
Q

known for its elegant syntax and often used in web development

A

Ruby

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23
Q

Key Programming Concepts

A

Algorithms, Variables and Data Types, Operators, Control Structures

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24
Q

step-by-step procedures for solving problems

A

algorithms

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25
Q

form the basis of all programming logic

A

algorithms

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26
Q

store data

A

variables

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27
Q

define what kind of data can be stored

A

data types

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28
Q

examples include integers, floats, strings, booleans

A

variables and data types

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29
Q

symbols used to perform operations on variables and values

A

operators

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30
Q

example are addition, subtraction, comparison

A

operators

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31
Q

determine the flow of a program including conditional statements and loops

A

control structures

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32
Q

recipe for a computer

A

algorithm

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33
Q

tells the computer exactly what to do

A

algorithm

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34
Q

Key Points to Understand about Algorithms

A

logic, problem solving, reusability

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35
Q

Algorithms rely on logical thinking and clear, unambiguous instructions. Each step must be well-defined and executable.

A

Logic

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36
Q

Algorithms are used to break down complex problems into manageable steps. They provide a structured approach to problem-solving.

A

Problem Solving

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37
Q

Well-designed algorithms can be reused in different programs and contexts, making them a valuable tool for programmers.

A

Reusability

38
Q

Steps on Designing Algorithms

A
  1. Understanding the Problem
  2. Breaking Down the Problem
  3. Pseudocode
  4. Testing and Refinement
39
Q

Clearly define the problem you want to solve. What are the inputs and expected outputs? What are the constraints?

A

Understanding the Problem

40
Q

Divide the problem into smaller, more manageable sub-problems. This simplifies the task of finding a solution.

A

Breaking Down the Problem

41
Q

a high-level, human-readable description of the steps without the specifics of a programming language

A

Pseudocode

42
Q

helps in planning and organizing your thoughts

A

Pseudocode

43
Q

Once the algorithm is designed, it should be tested with various inputs to ensure it works as intended. If errors are found, the algorithm is refined and retested.

A

Testing and Refinement

44
Q

graphical representations of algorithms

A

flowcharts

45
Q

uses symbols and arrows to illustrate the flow of control within a program or process

A

flowcharts

46
Q

flowcharts uses these to represent different elements to indicate the flow of control

A

symbols

47
Q

connects the symbols to show the sequence of execution

A

connecting arrows

48
Q

its direction indicates the flow of control

A

connecting arrows

49
Q

represented by a diamond; where a decision must be made often based on conditions or user input

A

decision points

50
Q

an oval shape typically represents the end or termination point of the flowchart

A

termination

51
Q

Benefits of Flowcharts

A

visualization, communication, debugging, documentation

52
Q

provide a visual representation of the logical flow of a program, making it easier to understand and analyze

A

visualization

53
Q

enabling programmers to convey their logic to others, including team members and stakeholders

A

communication

54
Q

can help identify where errors occur in the logical flow

A

debugging

55
Q

valuable for maintenance and future development

A

documentation

56
Q

a high-level, human-readable description of an algorithm

A

Pseudocode

57
Q

serves as a bridge between natural language and actual code written in a programming language

A

Pseudocode

58
Q

provides a way to outline the logic of an algorithm in a clear, structured, and unambiguous manner without getting bogged down in the specific syntax of a programming language

A

Pseudocode

59
Q

Pseudocode is designed to be easily understood by both programmers and non-programmers, making it an effective tool for communicating algorithmic ideas.

A

Human-Readable

60
Q

Pseudocode is not tied to any particular programming language, allowing you to plan your algorithm without worrying about language-specific syntax.

A

Language-Neutral

61
Q

Pseudocode outlines the logical steps and flow of control within an algorithm, helping you organize your thoughts before diving into actual code.

A

Logical Steps

62
Q

Why use Pseudocode?

A

Planning, Communication, Debugging, Problem-Solving

63
Q

Pseudocode allows you to plan and outline your algorithm before writing actual code. This is a critical step in designing efficient and effective solutions to problems.

A

Planning

64
Q

Pseudocode can be used to convey your algorithmic ideas to others, such as team members or stakeholders, in a format that is easier to understand than code written in a specific language.

A

Communication

65
Q

When you encounter errors in your code, you can use the pseudocode as a reference point to identify issues in your algorithm’s logic.

A

Debugging

66
Q

Pseudocode helps you think through complex problems by breaking them down into smaller, manageable steps.

A

Problem-Solving

67
Q

Key Principles in Writing Pseudocode

A
  • Start with a clear problem statement
  • Use natural language
  • Follow a structured format
  • Keep it simple
  • Test your pseudocode
68
Q

Before you begin writing pseudocode, make sure you understand the problem you’re trying to solve and its requirements.

A

Start with a clear problem statement

69
Q

Write in plain, everyday language, avoiding technical jargon or specific programming syntax.

A

Use natural language

70
Q

Organize your pseudocode with indentation to represent the hierarchy of steps. Use common conventions to denote elements like loops, conditionals, and variables.

A

Follow a structured format

71
Q

Focus on the high-level logic and don’t get bogged down in minor details.

A

Keep it simple

72
Q

You can simulate your algorithm by walking through the steps to ensure it accomplishes the desired task.

A

Test your pseudocode

73
Q

a fundamental control flow structure in Java, allowing developers to conditionally execute code based on a specified condition

A

if statement

74
Q

basic syntax of an if statement in Java

A

if (conditon){
//Code to be executed if the condition is true
}

75
Q

checks whether the specified condition is true or false

A

if(condition){

76
Q

Initializes an integer variable number with the value of n

A

int number = n;

77
Q

defines a Java class named n

A

public class n {

78
Q

the main method, the entry point of the program

A

public static void main(String[] args) {

79
Q

checks if number is greater than n

A

if (number > n) {

80
Q

prints a message if the condition in the if statement is true

A

System.out.println (n + “is true.”);

81
Q

a fundamental construct in programming languages that allows you to control the flow of a program based on certain conditions

A

if-else statement

82
Q

basic syntax of an if-else statement

A

if (condition ) {
//Code to be executed if condition is true
} else {
//Code to be executed if condition is false
}

83
Q

Checks whether the specified condition is true or false

A

if (condition) {

84
Q

This part is executed if the condition in the if statement is false

A

} else {

85
Q

allows developers to handle multiple conditions sequentially

A

if-else if-else

86
Q

syntax for an if-else if-else statement

A

if (condition1) {
//Code to be executed if condition 1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
//Code to be executed if condition1 is false and condition2 is true
} else {
//Code to be executed if both condition1 and condition2 are false
}

87
Q

a control flow statement that allows developers to perform different actions based on the value of an expression

A

Switch Statement

88
Q

basic syntax of a switch statement

A

switch (expression) {
case value1:
//Code to be executed if expression equals value1
break;
case value2:
//Code to be executed if expression equals value2
break;
//… additional cases
default:
//Code to be executed if none of the cases match the expression
}

89
Q

Evaluates the expression and matches it against the values specified in the case statements.

A

switch (expression) {

90
Q

ends the switch statement, preventing fall-through to subsequent cases

A

break;

91
Q

code inside this block is executed if none of the case values match the expression

A

default

Computer Fundamentals and Programming (3 decks)

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