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Computer Fundamentals and Programming > Introduction to Computer Fundamentals > Flashcards

Introduction to Computer Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

analyze and transform data in a wide range of forms

A

computers

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2
Q

provide the foundation for comprehending and utilizing the potential of current computing technologies

A

Computer basics

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3
Q

capable of transforming data into valuable information

A

computers

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4
Q

Emerging Technologies

A

Artificial Intelligence, quantum computing, Internet of Things (IoT)

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5
Q

Types of Computer

A

Super Computer, Mainframe Computers, Minicomputers (Midrange Computers), Workstations, Personal Computers (PCs), Tablet Computers, Smartphone, Embedded Computer, Quantum Computers (Emerging Technology)

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6
Q

strongest and fastest computers in use; designed to analyze vast volumes of data quickly and efficiently while carrying out sophisticated computations

A

Super Computer

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7
Q

uses includes scientific research, weather forecasting, nuclear simulations, molecular and climate modeling

A

Super Computer

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8
Q

Enormous, potent computers with several processors and large amounts of storage; have a reputation for dependability, security, and capacity to manage huge amounts of data and transactions at once

A

Mainframe Computers

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9
Q

uses include management of databases, processing of financial transactions, operation of enterprise-level applications

A

Mainframe Computers

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10
Q

also known as Midrange Computers

A

Minicomputers

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11
Q

can process large amounts of data; multi-user settings frequently employ them

A

Minicomputers

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12
Q

uses include serving small to medium sized organizations, engineering, scientific research

A

Minicomputers

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13
Q

less costly than supercomputers but more powerful than PCs

A

Workstations

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14
Q

designed for specific activities such as 3D rendering, CAD, scientific simulations

A

Workstations

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15
Q

Uses include graphic design, architecture, engineering, jobs that demand a lot of computer power

A

Workstations

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16
Q

most popular sort of computer

A

Personal Computers (PCs)

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17
Q

may be found in both desktop and laptop configurations; general-purpose operating systems; meant for personal usage

A

Personal Computers (PCs)

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18
Q

uses include office work, internet surfing, gaming, multimedia entertainment

A

Personal Computers (PCs)

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19
Q

small, portable, touchscreen tablets without physical keyboard; made to be mobile and simple to use

A

Tablet Computers

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20
Q

uses include online browsing, email, reading e-books, running mobile apps, healthcare, education

A

Tablet Computers

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21
Q

compact, pocket-sized gadgets with strong processing capabilities; integrate functions for computer, multimedia, and communication

A

Smartphone

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22
Q

uses include making calls, sending messages, email, social networking, navigation, gaming, photography, other mobile apps

A

Smartphone

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23
Q

specialized systems incorporated into other machines or equipment; made to carry particular tasks

A

Embedded Computer

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24
Q

uses include home appliances, vehicle systems, medical equipment, industrial gear

A

Embedded Computer

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25
Q

building blocks for calculations of quantum computers

A

Quantum bits (qubits)

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26
Q

might be exponentially more efficient than traditional computers in solving complicated issues

A

Quantum Computers

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27
Q

uses include resolving challenging scientific, cryptography, and optimization issues

A

Quantum Computers

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28
Q

Components of a computer

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory (RAM), Storage Devices, Input Devices, Output Devices, Motherboard

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29
Q

known as the “brain” of the computer

A

CPU

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30
Q

responsible for carrying out computations and executing commands

A

CPU

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31
Q

short-term storage area where the computer keeps active data and instructions

A

Memory (RAM)

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32
Q

primary circuit board; links and enables communication between all parts

A

motherboard

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33
Q

made up of programs, applications, and operating system

A

Software

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34
Q

controls hardware resources

A

Operating System (OS)

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35
Q

three most popular operating system

A

Windows, macOS, Linux

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36
Q

Types of Mobile Operating System

A

iOS, Android, Blackberry OS, Windows Phone OS, Symbian, WebOS, Windows Mobile

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37
Q

open source OS created by Google

A

Android

38
Q

proprietary, closed-source OS created by Microsoft

A

Windows Phone OS

39
Q

Nokia devices on the original smartphone OS

A

Symbian

40
Q

originally intended for cellphones, now utilized with smart TVs

A

WebOS

41
Q

mobile and pocket PC version created by Microsoft

A

Windows Mobile

42
Q

serves as the raw material from which information is derived and may require processing to become useful information

A

data

43
Q

end result of processing data; purpose is to provide knowledge or facilitate decision-making

A

information

44
Q

created by programmers to train computers to do specified tasks; teaches the computer what to do

A

algorithms

45
Q

used to create code that implements these techniques

A

programming languages

46
Q

programming languages (according sa module lang!!)

A

Python, Java, C++

47
Q

enable computers to exchange information, resources, and services over long distance

A

Computer Networks

48
Q

Types of Connectivity and Network

A

Wired Networking, Wireless Networking, Cellular Networking, Satellite Networking, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networking, Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), Cloud Networking, Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Industrial Networking, Intranet and Extranet

49
Q

Types of Wired Networking

A

Ethernet, Fiber Optic, Coaxial Cable

50
Q

provides dependable, fast connectivity; one of the most popular forms of wired networking, connecting devices to a local area network (LAN) or the internet using cables (often CAT5e or CAT6)

A

Ethernet

51
Q

convey data via light; provide incredibly high capacity and long-distance communication

A

Fiber Optic

52
Q

frequently used in data centers and for high-speed internet backbones

A

Fiber Optic

53
Q

bandwidth and signal quality are good; frequently employed in cable television and high-speed internet connections

A

Coaxial Cable

54
Q

Types of Wireless Networking

A

Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC (Near Field Communication), Zigbee and Z-Wave

55
Q

permits wireless short-range communication between devices; frequently used for data transmission and contactless payments

A

NFC (Near Field Communication)

56
Q

intended for low-power, low-data-rate uses (such as IoT and smart homes)

A

Zigbee and Z-Wave

57
Q

gives mobile devices wireless internet connection; include 3G, 4G, LTE, 5G

A

Cellular Networking

58
Q

internet connection in remote or rural locations where wired or cellular networks would not be accessible is made possible; makes use of satellites circling the Earth

A

Satellite Networking

59
Q

devices connect without the need of a central server; frequently utilized for decentralized apps and file sharing

A

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networking

60
Q

establish private, secure connections across a public network, often the internet

A

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)

61
Q

frequently utilized to provide remote access to private networks and safeguard the privacy of data

A

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)

62
Q

enables remote access to data and apps for both organizations and people

A

Cloud Networking

63
Q

sends data packets

A

data plane

64
Q

controls network traffic

A

control plane

65
Q

networking strategy that divides the data plane from the control plane; more flexibility and control over network resources

A

Software-Defined Networking (SDN)

66
Q

connects machines, sensors, and control systems in manufacturing and automation environments

A

Industrial Networking

67
Q

Examples of Industrial Networking

A

Profibus, Modbus, Ethernet/IP

68
Q

serve as a platform for cooperation and internal communication

A

Intranet and Extranet

69
Q

provide limited access to the public

A

Extranets

70
Q

internal networks that are only accessible by members of the company

A

Intranets

71
Q

integral aspect of the digital age

A

Security and Privacy

72
Q

Types of Security

A

Cybersecurity, Physical Security, Information Security, Network Security

73
Q

policies and procedures used to guard against unwanted access, assaults, and damage to computer networks, systems, and data

A

Cybersecurity

74
Q

Cybersecurity includes:

A

Firewalls, Antivirus Software, Encryption, Access Controls, Incident Response

75
Q

filter network traffic and prevent malicious access

A

Firewalls

76
Q

detect and remove malware

A

Antivirus Software

77
Q

make it unreadable to unauthorized users

A

Encryption

78
Q

implementing strong user authentication and authorization systems

A

Access Controls

79
Q

having plans in place to address and recover from security breaches

A

Incident Response

80
Q

includes defending physical asserts, data centers, and equipment from damage or theft in addition to protecting against digital threats

A

Physical Security

81
Q

protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information; includes trade secrets, customer data, and proprietary information

A

Information Security

82
Q

ensures safety of data transmission across networks, preventing eavesdropping or data interception

A

Network Security

83
Q

Types of Privacy

A

Data Privacy, Online Privacy, Surveillance and Government Privacy

84
Q

individuals’ control over their personal information and how it is collected, used, shared, and stored by organizations and institutions

A

Data Privacy

85
Q

key aspects of data privacy

A

consent, data minimization, transparency, access and correction, data protection

86
Q

collecting only the necessary data and nothing more

A

data minimization

87
Q

concerns related to online activities; tools like VPNs and browser privacy settings help protect this

A

Online Privacy

88
Q

significance of surveillance and government privacy

A

individual rights, trust, legal and regulatory compliance, business competitiveness, national security, ethical considerations

89
Q

computer’s actual hardware

A

hardware

90
Q

hardware is comprised of:

A

CPU, memory, storage devices, input/output devices

91
Q

comprises of OS, programs, applications

A

software

92
Q

software is comprised of:

A

OS, programs, applications

Computer Fundamentals and Programming (3 decks)

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