Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ECOS 1 Final Exam > Introduction to POCUS > Flashcards

Introduction to POCUS Flashcards

1
Q

Pros of Ultrasound

A
  • Used for diagnostic and procedural purposes
  • No ionizing radiation
  • Noninvasive
  • Portable
  • Relatively easy to use
  • Quick
  • Immediate feedback
  • Inexpensive examinations
  • Easily repeated at the bedside, thereby enhancing clinicians ability to perform serial reassessments of patients
  • Improve diagnostic accuracy, decreases overall cost of care and decreases time to diagnosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chest and Abdominal Application of POCUS

A
  • FAST SCAN
  • Undifferentiated shock
  • Cardiac/lung/aorta/GB/Renal/Urinary retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chest and Abdominal Applications of POCUS

A
  • FAST SCAN
  • Undifferentiated shock
  • Cardiac/lung/aorta/GB/renal/urinary retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MSK Applications of POCUS

A
  • Abscess vs induration
  • Joint evaluation
  • Fractures
  • Assess ligaments and tendons
  • Foreign bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ocular Application of POCUS

A

Retinal detachment and hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Procedural Application of POCUS

A
  • Central lines
  • Peripheral IVs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

OB/GYN Application of POCUS

A
  • Fetal well-being/fetal heart tones
  • R/o ectopic pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Frequency

A
  • number of times per second a wave is repeated
  • expressed as Hertz (Hz)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance the wave travels in a single cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Frequency and Wavelength are ____ related

A

Inversely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Relationship of Wavelength and Frequency

A
  • higher the frequency the shorter the wavelength
  • high-frequency sound waves have short wavelengths (don’t penetrate deeply into tissue)
  • Lower frequency sound waves have longer wavelengths (can penetrate deeply into tissue)
  • higher the frequency the better the resolution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Linear (Vascular) Probe

A
  • higher frequencies and resolution
  • for superficial scanning and procedural guidance
  • preserved lateral resolution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sector or Phased Array (Cardiac) Probe

A
  • lower frequencies
  • small footprint for intercostal scanning
  • high frame rates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Curvilinear (Curved Array or Abdominal) Probe

A
  • lowest frequency
  • large field of view
  • large footprint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

B-Mode

A
  • “brightness” mode aka “grey scale”
  • two-dimensional black and white image with shades of gray in between to indicate the strength of the echo
  • default view on most US machines
  • most US images are in this mode
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

M-Mode

A
  • “motion” mode
  • draws a line on the screen and shows echo profile of every structure along that line (y-axis) over time (x-axis)
  • used to demonstrate or measure movement over time in a still image
17
Q

Echogenicity

A
  • ability of a structure to reflect sound waves or echoes
  • anechoic vs hypoechoic vs hyperechoic
18
Q

Anechoic

A
  • complete absence of returning sound waves
  • appears black (ex. fluid)
19
Q

Hypoechoic

A

structures that have very echoes and appear darker than the surrounding tissue

20
Q

Hyperechoic

A
  • echogenic structures
  • appear brighter than the surrounding tissue
21
Q

Acoustic Shadowing

A
  • common artifact
  • occurs when the sound waves encounter a highly reflective surface
  • hypoechoic or anechoic area appears deep to the structure
  • occurs because very few sound waves can get behind or around the structure
  • Ex. gallstones
22
Q

Posterior Acoustic Enhancement

A
  • common artifact
  • occurs deep to an anechoic structure
  • there is an increase in echogenicity posterior to an anechoic structure because the sound waves lose very little energy traveling through a fluid filled structure
  • Ex. bladder (area behind the structure appears very echogenic or bright)
23
Q

Edge Artifact

A
  • sound is refracted (bent) by a structure in parallel with the US beam and does not return to the probe, resulting in the appearance of a shadow behind the surface
  • arrowheads show edge artifact from the wall of the gallbladder
  • generally seen when imaging fluid filled structures like the gallbladder or vessels in transverse imaging
24
Q

Mirror Artifact

A
  • you see the “mirror image” of the structure being imaged
  • it will be distal in relation to the probe
  • generally appears at the bottom or periphery of the screen
  • highly reflective surfaces cause the machine to display an artifactual image of the reflection of an object
25
Q

Reverberation Artifact

A
  • typically seen with line placement
  • multiple intermittent lines “echoes” running parallel to the actual needle
26
Q

Gain

A
  • brightness of the US image
  • the brighter the image the higher the gain and vice versa
  • adjust this by swiping left or right
27
Q

Longitudinal scanning is with the probe marker:

A

toward the head

28
Q

Transverse scanning is with the probe marker:

A

facing the patient’s right so that the image will look similar to the orientation of a CT scan
— exception is cardiac where the screen marker is on the left

29
Q

Sliding Technique

A

Move the probe along the skin without changing angles

30
Q

Rocking (Heel-Toe) Technique

A

Tilt the probe along the axis of the indicator

31
Q

Fanning (Sweeping) Technique

A

Tilt the probe perpendicular to the axis of the indicator

32
Q

Rotating Technique

A

Rotate the probe above the axis of the cord without tilting

33
Q

ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable Exposure) Ultrasound

A
  • concept comes from the use of ionizing radiation in the diagnostic imaging of x-rays
  • never been shown to harm humans
  • safe for fetal imaging at all gestational ages as well as adults
34
Q

How do you adjust depth?

A

by swiping up and down with the probe

ECOS 1 Final Exam (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions