Introduction To Plumbing Flashcards
It is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the supply of liquids, substances and/or ingredients
Plumbing
Removing water, liquid and ither carried-waste hazardous health, sanitation, life and property
Plumbing
Also, installing pipes and fixtures (example: plumbing system)
Plumbing
In _______, the Plumbing Trade was duly recognized by the government in the City of Metro Manila
1902
He became the first Chief of the Division of Plumbing Construction and Inspection
Master Plumber John F. Haas
In ________, the National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines (NAMPAP) was formally organized
1935
Manila City Ordinance 2411 is also called?
Plumbing Code for the City of Manila
Manila City Ordinance 2411 or the “Plumbing Code for the City of Manila” was enacted and placed under?
Department of Public Services, Manila
In ________, the Third Congress approved House Bill No. 962
1954
On June 18, 1995, House Bill No.962 became?
R.A. 1738 “Plumbing Law of the Philippines “
The National Plumbing Code of the Philippines prepared by NAMPAP was promulgated and approved by Malacañang during?
January 28, 1959
Before Matial Law in 1972, Republic Act 6541 otherwise known as the __________ was passed with the National Plumbing Code of 1959 as referral in full text
Building Code of the Philippines
The Prifessional Regulation Commission (PRC) adopted the Revised Plumbing Code of 1999 which President Joseph Estrada approved on __________ pursuant to Section 4 of R.A. 1478 known as Plumbing Law
December 21, 1999
Components and Flow in Water Systems
Source
• rivers
• lakes
• reservoir
Supply
• Water mains
• storage tanks
Distribution
• pressure
• piping networks
Use
• plumbing fixtures
Collection
• gravity
• piping networks
Disposal
• sanitary
• storm sewers
Treatment
• sewage plants
• natural purification
What are the sources of water
Rain Water
Ground Water
Natural Surface Water
What are the water quality problems?
Acidity
Hardness
Turbidity
Color
Pollution
This type of water quality problem is caused by the entrance of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Acidity
This type of water quality problem is caused by the presence of magnesium and calcium salts
Hardness
This type of water quality problem is caused by silt or mud in surface or in ground
Turbidity
This type of water quality problem is caused by the presence of iron and manganese
Color
This type of water quality problem is caused by contamination of organic matter or sewage
Pollution
What are the different ways of purifying water?
Aeration
Coagulation and Precipitation
Filtration
Sedimentation
Chlorination
This process of purification of water is spraying the water into the atmosphere through jets or passing it over rough surfaces to remove entrained noxious gases such as carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide
Aeration
This process of purifying water involves addition of coagulants, such as ferrous sulfate and lime, to the water which cause the larger suspended particles to form a gelatinous mass which precipitates readily
Coagulation and Precipitation
In this type of purifying water, water is passed through layers of san and gravel in concrete basins in order to remove the finer suspended particles
Filtration
In this type of water purification, water is passed through basins so sediments can settle through a period of time
Sedimentation
In this type of water purification, water is injected with hypo-chlorite or chlorine gas to kill the harmful bacteria
Chlorination
What are the types of wells?
Shallow Wells
Deep Wells
What are the type of Individual Well Springs?
Dug Well
Bored Well
Jetted Well
Driven Well
Drilled well
This is a most common type of individual well spring which is usually dug manually around 15m deep. Also known as “shallow well”
Dug Well
This type of individual well spring is similar to dug well, but constructed using an auger driven in by hand or with power tools
Seldom hand driven below 15m, but can reach 40+ m with power tools
Bored Well
This type of individual spring well use of extreme pressure so as not to affect existing foundations in the vicinity
Makes use of suction pump above, while casing acts as a pump riser
Used only where ground is relatively soft, hence sometimes referred to as “Sand-Point Wells”
Jetted Well
This type of individual well springs is dug with a sharp hollow slotted iron rod and well screen with depths fron 10-15m
Driven Well
This type of individual well spring is used for drilling oil and can reach up to 1000 m
Drilled Well
What are the two most common sources pf contamination?
Septic Tank/leach fields
Livestock feedlots
What to consider when locating a well?
Most common sources of contamination
• septic Tank/leach field
• livestock feedlots
Location must not be less than 100ft away from such pollution sources
Locate on higher ground
The deeper the well, the better for natural filtration
What are the basic types of pumps?
Piston Pump
• single action
• double action
• duplex or twin piston pump
Centrifugal Pump
This type of pump sucks water into a sealed vacuum by use of a piston
Piston Pump
This type of piston pump draw water in only one motion
Single Action Piston Pump
This type of piston pump draw water in with either stroke
Double Piston Pump
This type of pump draws water into the pump and discharge with a centrifugal force
Centrifugal Pump
Classification of Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps
Jet Pumps
• Deep Well Jet Pumps
• Shallow Well Jet Pumps
• Convertible Jet Pumps
• Miniature Jet Pumps
Rotary Pumps
Submersible Pumps
Sump Pumps
Is a piston pump that operate with controlled speed and the discharge from a reciprocating pump is pulsating and changes only when the speed of the pump is changed
Reciprocating Pump
Is a centrifugal pump typically used for drawing water up from a well
Jet Pump
What are the four types of Jet Pumps?
Deep Well Jet Pumps
Shallow Well Jet Pumps
Convertible Jet Pumps
Miniature Jet Pumps
It is a type of jet pump used for high volume applications
Deep Well Jet Pumps
It is a type of jet pump used in residential wells
Shallow Well Jet Pump
It is a type of Jet pump which can be used in deep and shallow well
Convertible Jet Pump
It is a type of jet pump used for small applications
Miniature Jet Pump
Is a piston pumo that make use of a pump driver which can discharge from 900-1200 Gpm and more efficient for viscous fluid
Rotary Pump
Is a type of pump designed to be fully immersible within a tank or other media storage receptacle
Submersible Pump
Is a type of pump used where water is needed to be pumped away from a partic area
Sump Pumps
Is a centrifugal pump used for large applications because of its multiple impellers and can discharge up to 2000 Gpm
Turbine Pumps
What are the types of tanks for domestic use?
Overhead Tanks
Cisterns
Pressure Tanks
Hot Water Tanks
What are the other types of Water tanks?
Gravity Supply Tanks
Pneumatic Water Tanks
Hot Water Tanks
• Range Boiler
• Storage Boiler
This type of tank relies on gravity to supply water to fixtures
Overhead Tanks
This type of tank is usually built of reinforced concrete underground and connected with a pump
Cisterns
This type of tank is used in overhead feed system
Gravity supply tank
This type of tank is used in the Air Pressure system and often used with a pump. Thus, makes use of a pressure relief valve, which relieves pressure automatically if necessary
Pneumatic Water Tank
This type of hot water tank is small (30-60 diameter; 180 cm max length). It is made of galvanized steel sheet, copper or stainless steels.
Standard working pressure limit is 85-150 psi
Range Boiler
This type of hot water tank is large (60-130 cm in diameter; 5m max length). It is made of heavy duty material sheets applied with rust proof paint.
Standard working pressure is 60-100 psi
Storage Boiler
What are the functions of a valve?
- Start or shutdown a system
- regulate pressure
- check backflow
- control the direction of water
What are the different types of valve?
Gate Valve
• wedge shape or tapered disc
• double disc valve
Globe Valve
• plug type disc valve
• conventional disc valve
• composition disc valve
Check Valve
• swing check valve
• lift check valve
• vertical check valve
• horizontal check valve
Angle Valve
Foot Valve
Safety Valve
This type of valve is used on water systems, heating systems, compressed air lines and other pipe lines with excessive pressure
Safety Valve
This type of valve is located at the lower end of the pumps and used mainly to prevent loss of priming of the pumps
Foot Valve
This type of valve operates in the same manner as globe valve (disc and seat design) and is used to make a 90 degree turn in a line. Thus, reduces number of joints
Angle Vale
This type of valve has a main functof preventing reversal of flow (back flow) in the line
Check Valve
This type of valve control the flow of water with a movable spindle. It can also reduce water pressure (throttling). And only one side of the valve is an inlet
Globe Valve
This type of valve is also known as “full-way valve “ and is used mainly to completely close or completely open the water line (does not control flow of water). And is best suited to the main supply and pump lines wherein operation is infrequent
Gate Valve
What are the differe types of faucets/bibbs,
Compression Cock
Key Cock
Ball Faucet
This type of faucet is constructed with a ball connected to the handle
Ball Faucet
This type of faucet operates with a round tapering plug ground to fit a metal sheet
Key Cock
This type of faucet operates by the compression of a soft packing upon a meral sheet
Compression Sheet
What are the differe defects in water distribution systems?
Water Hammer
Back siphonage
Expansion/Contraction
Friction Head Loss
This type of defect is a knocking in the pipes caused when faycets in the lower levels are shut off abruptly or automatically. The force exerted by the decelerating water causes the pipes to shake and rattle
Water Hammer
This type of defect is the flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from a pumbing fixture or vessel into a water supply pipe due to a negative pressin such pipe
Back Siphonage
This type of defect is due ti change in temperature where pipes expand and contract continuously
Expansion/ Contraction
This type of defect occurs when liquid flowing through the pipe make contact with the pipe enclosures, reducing the speed of water flow
Friction Head loss
What are the classifications of Public Water Dustribution?
Direct Pressure Distribution
Indirect Pressure Distribution
In this classification of Public Water Distribution, water is obtained through a large intake installed on the lake basin and extended into deep water
Direct Pressure Distribution
In this type of water distribution, water is taken from a drilled well or underground water and involves individual special mechanical equipment
Indirect Pressure Distribution
What are the parts of cold water distribution system (potable and tap water)?
Service Pipe
Water Meter
Horizontal Supply Main
Riser
Fixture Branch
Controls and Valves
Storage Tanks
This part of cold water distribution system is used to isolate, control, and repair of the water distribution system
Control and Valves
This part of a cold water distribution system is a water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe and the water-dustributing pipe
Fixture branch
This part of water distribution system is a water supply pipe extending vertically to one full story or more to convey water into pipe branches or plumbing fixtures
Riser
This part of water distribution system is the principal water distribution pipe running from the water meter from which various branches and risers to the fixtures are taken
Horizontal supply main
This part of water distribution system is a device used to measin liters or gallons the amount of water that passes through the water service
Water Meter
This part of water distribution system is a pipe from the street water main or other source of water supply to the building served
Service pipe
What are the types of Cold Water Distribution Systems (within buildings)?
Upfeed System
• Direct Upfeed
• Air Pressure System (Pneumatic)
Downfeed (Overhead) or Gravity System
This type of Cold Water Distribution Systems in buildings, water is provided by the city water companies using normal pressure from public water main
Upfeed System (Direct Upfeed)
This type of cold water distribution system under upfeed system is when pressure supplied by city water supply is not strong enough and compressed air is used to raise and push water into the system
Air Pressure System
This type of water distribution system in buildings, water is pumped into a large tank on top of the building and is distributed to the fixtures by means of gravity
Downfeed (Overhead) or Gravity System
What are the types of Hot water distribution systems within buildings?
Upfeed and Gravity Return System
Downfeed and Gravity Return System
Pump Circuit System
This type of hor water distribution system within buildings is used for more efficient circulation of hot water to the upper floor levels of multi-storey buildings
Pump Circuit System
This type of hot water distribution system, hot water rises on to the highest point of the plumbing systeyand travels to the fixtures via gravity
This type of water distribution is dependent on the expansion of hot water and gravity
Downfeed and gravity return system
This type of water distribution system, needs a continuing network of pipes to provide constant circulation of water.
Hot water rises on its own and does not need any pump for circulation
Upfeed and Gravity Return System
What ate the 2 types of hot water space heating system?
Hot water space heating system
Hot water supply system
In this type of water heating system, water is confined within a system at low temperature
Hot water space heating system
This type of water heating system is not a closed system which operate om much higher temperature
Hot water supply system
What are the ways to protect hot water tanks?
System relief valve
Temperature and pressure relief
This type of protection used for protecting hot water tanks is used for hor water space heating system
System Relief Valve
This type of protection of hot water tanks is used for hot water supply system
Temperature and Pressure Relief
What supplies water for Fire Protection Systems?
• Elevated Water Tank
• Underground Water Reservoir
What are the types of fire protection system?
• Dry Standpipe System
• Wet Standpipe System
• Wet Standpipe with Siamese Connection
• Automatic/ Sprinkler System
This type of fire protection system is no longer used in new building, provided other systems are employed (otherwise must be installed in buildings 4 levels or more)
The standpipe is a pipe installed in buildings not as part of the water supply or waste disposal system but primarily for use of as water conveyor in case of fire
Installed in the exterior of the building with a maximum height of 1.20 meters
Dry Standpipe System
A piping network (line is directly connected to the main water line) connects to all levels of a building (at least 1 standpipe on each level)
Its minimum diameter is 51 mm for those less than 15 meters from the fire service connection. For thos more than 15 meters from the fire service connection, the minimum diameter is 63 mm
Wet Standpipe System
A piping network directly connected to the main water line, connects to all levels of a building; additionally, a Siamese connection is located outside the building for additional water supply
Wet Standpipe System with Siamese Connection
This type of fire protection system has two general types namely:
Automatic Wet and Automatic Dry
Automatic/Sprinkler System
These are the different types of Sprinkler Heads
• Upright
• Pendent
This type of sprinkler head is used above piping when piping is exposed
Upright
This type of sprinkler head projects through a finished ceiling when piping is exposed
Pendent
There are receptacles used to provide, receive and discharge water, liquid and water-carried wastes into a drainage system with which they are connected
Plumbing fixtures
These are the different classifications of plumbing fixtures
Soil
• water closet
• urinal
• slop sink
Scullery
• kitchen sinks
• laundry tubs
• bar sinks
Bathing
• lavatories
• bathtubs
• shower baths
• bidets
• foot/sitz tub
• shower receptors
• shower compartments
What should be the distance of water closet center to side wall?
0.375 mm
What are the types of water closet according to type of flushing?
Flush Tank Water Closet
Direct Flush Valve (DFV Water Closet)
What are the types of water closet according to flush tank types?
Integral flush tank
Close coupled flush tank
Low flush tank
High flush tank
What are the types of water closet accord to mounting?
Floor mounted
Wall hung
What are the types of water closet according to flushing action?
Wash down
Reverse trap
Siphon Jet
Siphon Vortex
Ditect Flush Valve
This is a type of water closet according to flushing action wherein flushing action is obtained directly from a flush valve connected into the bowl
Direct Flush Valve
This is a type of water closet according to flushing action which is less noisy and very efficient. Thus, flushing action is started by a whirlpool motion followed by a complete flush down and it retains a large amount of standing water
Siphon Vortex
This type of water closet accreditation to flushing action has a larger trapway making it less likely to clog, has quieter flushing action and retains a large amount of standing water
Siphon Jet
This type of water closet according to flushing action flushes through a siphon action created in the trap way
Reverse Trap
This type of water closet according to flushing action flushes through a simple wash down action
Wash Down
What are the different types of Urinals?
Wall hung
Pedestal
Through
Stall
What should be the distance of the urinal center to the side wall?
Minimum of 0.30 meters
What should be the distance of the urinal center to another urinal center?
Minimum of 0.60 meters
What are the materials used for kitchen sinks?
Stainless steel
Cast iron enamel
Formed steel coated with porcelain enamel
Single, Double or Triple well, shallow and deep well
What are the materials used for laundry tubs?
Cement or cement with tiles
Porcelain
What are the different types of lavatories?
Pedestal
Pullman or Counter
Wall hung
Through
This type of bathtub has removable panel of sufficient dimesion to access pump
Whirlpool Baths
This is a type of luxury bath
Jacuzzis
This is used for cleaning private parts and sometimes referred to as female urinals
Bidets
Receptor floor shall drain not less than _____ or more than ______ slope. Thresholds shall accommodateba minimum 559 mm wide door
2%,4%
