introduction to plant cell Flashcards
The cell length for higher plants is—–
10-100 micrometer
common things in all organisms
- ribosomes
- cell membrane
- cytosol
T or F
Cyanobacteria has chloroplast
F
these prokaryotes perform photosynthesis even though they do not have chloroplast. This is because they possess chlorophylls in the cytoplasm.
organelles present in plant cell and not animal cell
- cell wall
- vacuoles
- plastids not chloroplast (bcuz not all plastids are green)
What are the 3 types of plastids?
1- Chloroplasts (green color) can turn to chromo or leuco
2- Chromoplasts: develop from chloroplast after disappearing of chlorophyll (yellow,
orange, red due to carotenoid pigment)
3- Leucoplasts: colorless and include amyloplasts (synthesize starch) and elaioplasts (synthesize oil)
If exposed to light some leucoplasts will develop into chloroplasts and vice versa
——– is the vacuole cell membrane made of ——- layer to ————–
Tonoplast
single
increase elasticity of the cell and flexibility
————- they are conjunctions of the cell that allow communications between cells and cell to cell recognition + Fluids and dissolved substances (amino acids, sugar and ions) can pass
through most cell walls
plasmodesmata
the new cell wall of the plant started as ————
made of ———- which is a —————————-, and its shared by two cells.
fine network of —————, laid on either side of the ——————–.
middle lamella
pectin, carbohydrate (3-10 sugar units) (oligo..)
cellulose (poly…), middle lamella
found inside the cell and the pectin is outside surrounding the cellulose
long cellulose molecules are linked together to form —————-, then twisted together to form ————, which are held together by ———-, and other substances to make up the bulk of the cell wall (———————-)
microfibrils
macrofibrils
pectin
primary cell wall
the secondary cell wall is more extensive and thick made of ——-
the thickness of the wall depends on cell ——–
lignin (more complex organic substance)
function
Three organelle categories
- The Endomembrane system
- Independently dividing organelles derived from the
Endomembrane system - Independently dividing, semiautonomous organelles
Proteins associated with membrane
- Integral proteins
- Peripheral proteins
- Anchored Proteins
Several organelle are able to grow and proliferate independently
even though they are derived from endomembrane system for example:
- Oil bodies (store lipids)
- Peroxisomes (oxidation of specific biomolecules. biosynthesis of membrane lipids.
recycling of carbon from phosphoglycolate during photorespiration) - Glyoxysomes (especially found in germinating seeds, involved in the breakdown
and conversion of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA for the glyoxylate bypass.)
Site of cellular respiration
Mitochondria
———– Surrounded by two delicate membranes (the outer is derived from
endoplasmic reticulum while the inner is believed to have originated
from the cell membrane of Cyanobacteria
Plastids
