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Physical Agents > Introduction to Physical Agents > Flashcards

Introduction to Physical Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What are physical agents?

A

energy and materials applied to the body

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2
Q

Type of energy

A

sound
electrical
heat

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3
Q

mode of energy application

A

ultrasound,NMES,hot pack, etc.

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4
Q

What do physical agents do?

A

modify tissue inflammation and healing
relieve pain
alter collagen extensibility
modify muscle tone/ contracting ability

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5
Q

Thermal Agents

A

deep-heating (ultrasound, diathermy)
superficial-heating (hot pack, paraffin)
superficial cooling (ice pack, ice massage)

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6
Q

Mechanical Agents

A

traction
compression (bandage, stockings)
water (whirlpool)
sound (ultrasound)

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7
Q

Electromagnetic

A 
electromagnetic fields (UV, laser )
electrical currents (TENS, NMES, high volt, iontophoresis, EMG)
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8
Q

General Precaution/Contraindications

A

Pregnancy- could potentially hurt the fetus
Malignancy- could increase growth of metastasis
Decreased sensation/mentation- no report of feeling
pacemaker/.electronic devices- energy could reach

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9
Q

Which is the highest priority of choosing an agent?

A

First priority is to address the primary underlying problem or the problem most likely to respond to treatment

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10
Q

Which is the last priority for choosing an agent?

A

symptomatic treatment only

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11
Q

Treatments that address more than one problem simultaneously……

A

are considered second in priority level

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12
Q

Hierarchy of choosing a physical agent

A

goals and effects of treatment

contraindications and precautions

evidence for physical agent use

cost,convenience and availability

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13
Q

Three pillars of EBP

A

best available evidence
patient values
clinical experience

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14
Q

What are some cost effective uses of modalities?

A
  • asses and analyze presenting problem
  • know when agents can be effective for treatment
  • know when and how to use them most effectively
  • know the skill level required for application
  • use home programs when appropriate
  • treat in groups when appropriate
  • reassess patients regularly to determine efficacy
  • adjust plan of care according to reassessment
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15
Q

What is the most common symptom prompting patients to seek medical attention and rehab?

A

PAIN

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16
Q

Pain is…

A

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage

17
Q

What is transient pain?

A

pain that goes away without treatment

It is brought on by activation of nocioceptive tissues in the body where there is no tissue damage

18
Q

What is acute pain?

A

pain brought on by tissue injury and activation of nocioceptors at the site of injury

19
Q

What is persistent pain?

A

pain that begins with injury or disease but is perpetuated by factors other then the initial cause of pain
there is an emotional component

20
Q

A Delta: primary afferent neuron

A

responds to intense mechanical stimulation and heat or cold
short duration, sharp, stabbing or pricking sensation
small and myelinated
makes up 20% of pain afferents
Not blocked by opiods

21
Q

C Afferent: primary afferent neuron

A

longer duration, dull throbbing, aching, burning, tingling, diffusely located
accompanied by sweating, increased HR, BP and nausea
small and UNmyelinated
makes up 80% of pain afferents
CAN be blocked by opiod medication

22
Q

A-beta: primary afferent neuron

A

non-painful sensation related to vibration, stretching and mechanical pressure

23
Q

What are nociceptors?

A

non-adaptive, specialized nerve endings that are sensitive to mechanical stress or trauma, extreme heat/cold or chemicals

24
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

burning or lancinating quality

usually accompanied by signs or symptoms of neurological dysfunction (parasthesia, itching, weakness)

25
Q

What is radicular pain?

A

pain that travels along a nerve

26
Q

What is referred pain?

A

pain that may be acute or chronic and is away from the origin/source of pain

27
Q

What is the specificity theory of pain?

A

pain that is experienced as a result of the action of peripheral nerve fibers

28
Q

What is the pattern theory of pain?

A

pain that can be experienced by the stimulation of any sensory receptor as long as stimulation is intense enough

29
Q

What is the gate-control theory?

A

a-delta and c fibers transmit nociceptive signals to the the thalamus
whereas A-alpha and A-beta (non-nocicpetive) fibers transmit signals that INHIBIT pain signals to the thalamus

30
Q

Where does pain originate?

A

Pain is 100% from the BRAIN

Physical Agents (3 decks)

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