Introduction to Phlebotomy

Question 1

is first used to cure diseases and maintain the body in a state of well-being

Answer 1

bloodletting

Question 2

Hippocrates believed that disease was caused by an _________________________________, and that removal of the excess would cause the body to return to or maintain a healthy state.

Answer 2

excess of body fluids, including blood, bile, and phlegm

Question 3

Techniques for bloodletting (earlier times) includes:

Answer 3

a. suction cup
b. worms called “leeches”
c. barber surgery

Question 4

provide the personal and professional rules of performance moral behaviour as set by members of a profession

Answer 4

code of ethics

Question 5

Patient’s Rights (DOH)

if any person cannot immediately be given treatment that is medically necessary he shall, either be directed to wait for care, or be referred elsewhere, where the appropriate care will be provided

Answer 5

Right to appropriate medical care and humane treatment

Question 6

Patient’s Rights (DOH)

person who will perform the said procedure shall provide his name and credentials to the patient

Answer 6

Right to informed consent

Question 7

Patient’s Rights (DOH)

the patient has the right to demand that all information, communication and records pertaining to his care be treated as confidential

Answer 7

Right to privacy and confidentiality

Question 8

Patient’s Rights (DOH)

Right to be informed of the result of the evaluation of the nature and extent of his or her disease

Answer 8

Right to information

Question 9

Patient’s Rights (DOH)

the patient has the right to avail himself/herself of any recommended diagnostic and treatment procedures

Answer 9

Right to self determination

Question 10

Patient’s Rights (DOH)

the patient has the right to refuse medical treatment which may be contrary to his religious beliefs.

Answer 10

Right to religious belief

Question 11

Patient’s Rights (DOH)

8th & 9th right

Answer 11

Right to medical records
Right to leave

Question 12

Patient’s Rights (DOH)

that, an institutional review board or ethical review board in accordance with the guidelines set in the declaration of hensiki be established for research involving human experimentation

Answer 12

Right to refuse participation in medical research

Question 13

Ethical and Legal Issues

• A wrongful act committed by one person against another that causes harm to the person or his or her property.

Answer 13

Tort

Question 14

Tort

assault, battery, defamation

Answer 14

intentional tort

Question 15

Tort

negligence, malpractice

Answer 15

unintentional tort

Question 16

Ethical and Legal Issues •

-threat to touch another person without his or her consent and with the intention of causing fear of harm.

Answer 16

Assault

Question 17

• actual harmful touching of a person without his or her consent.

Answer 17

Battery-

Question 18

• -spoken or written words that can injure a person’s reputation.

e.g. -Releasing or are overheard saying any confidential information

Answer 18

Defamation

Question 19

• Libel-false defamatory writing that is _________.

Answer 19

published

Question 20

-false and malicious spoken word.

Answer 20

Slander

Question 21

• -is the violation of the patient’s right to be left alone and the right to be free from unwanted exposure to public view.
e.g. -Unwanted releasing of confidential information is considered an invasion of privacy.
e.g. -Entering a patient’s room without asking permission

Answer 21

Invasion of Privacy

Question 22

Ethical and Legal Issues •

misconduct or lack of skill by a health-care professional that results in injury to the patient.

Answer 22

Medical Malpractice-

Question 23

• as failure to give reasonable care by the health-care provider, must be proven in a malpractice suit

Answer 23

Negligence

Question 24

Ethical and Legal Issues

a. Nerve Injury
b. Hemorrhage:
-From accidental arterial puncture -From inadequate pressure to the vein
c. Drawing from inappropriate locations (ex. Same side as mastectomy)
d. Injuries occurring when a patient faints
e. Death of a Patient caused by misidentification of a patient or sample

Answer 24

In phlebotomy, be wary of the following that may cause the patient to file a case of malpractice/negligence against you

Question 25

The clinical laboratory is divided into two areas,

Answer 25

Anatomical and Clinical

Question 26

is responsible for the analysis of surgical specimens, frozen sections, biopsies, cytological specimens, and autopsies.

Answer 26

The Anatomical Area

Question 27

– responds to telephone calls, handles specimen collection requests and handles some specimens.

Answer 27

Administrative Office

Question 28

– collects samples from patients and processes samples for testing or transport.

Answer 28

Phlebotomy (Sample Collection)

Question 29

Clinical Laboratory

ANATOMICAL

• cytologists (CTs) process and examine tissue and body fluids for the presence of abnormal cells, such as cancer cells. The Papanicolaou(Pap) smear is one of the most common tests performed in cytology.

Answer 29

Cytology Section

Question 30

• histologytechnicians (HTs) and technologists(HTLs) process and stain tissue obtained from biopsies, surgery, autopsies, and frozen sections. A pathologist then examines the tissue.

Answer 30

Histology Section

Question 31

• is the section in which chromosome studies are performed to detect genetic disorders. Blood, amniotic fluid, tissue, and bone marrow specimens are analyzed.

Answer 31

Cytogenetics

Question 32

is divided into specialized sections: hematology, coagulation, chemistry, bloodbank (immunohematology), serology (immunology), microbiology, urinalysis, phlebotomy, and sample processing.

Answer 32

clinical area

Question 33

blood, bone marrow, microbiology samples, urine, and other body fluids are analyzed.

Answer 33

clinical sections

Question 34

• is the study of the formed (cellular) elements of the blood. In this section, the cellular elements, red blood cells(RBCs), white blood cells(WBCs), and platelets (Plts) are enumerated and classified in all body fluids and in the bone marrow.

Answer 34

Hematology

Question 35

is sometimes a part of the hematology section, but in larger laboratories it is a separate section. In this area, the overall process of hemostasis is evaluated; this includes platelets, blood vessels, coagulation factors, fibrinolysis, inhibitors, and anticoagulant therapy (heparin and Coumadin).

Answer 35

coagulation laboratory

Question 36

• Most automated area
• May perform electrophoresis, therapeutic drug monitoring and enzyme immunoassays to measure substances such as proteins, carbohydrates, enzymes and hormones and toxicology.

Answer 36

Clinical Chemistry Section

Question 37

Clinical Laboratory

• Where blood may be collected, stored, and prepared for transfusion.
• Testing procedures involve RBC antigens (Ag) and antibodies (Ab).
• Blood from patients and donors is tested for its blood group (ABO) and Rh type. Also tests compatibility (crossmatch) between patient and donor
• Detect and identification of abnormal antibodies

Answer 37

Blood Bank Section

Question 38

Clinical Laboratory

• Performs tests to evaluate the body’s immune response; that is, the production of antibodies (immunoglobulins) and cellular activation.

Answer 38

Immunology and Serology Section

Question 39

Clinical Laboratory

• Responsible for the identification of pathogenic microorganisms and for hospital infection control. In large laboratories, the section may be divided into bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, and virology.
• Common Tests include Culture and Sensitivity and Gram Staining

Answer 39

Microbiology Section

Question 40

Clinical Laboratory

-Routine screening procedure to detect disorders and infections of the kidney and to detect metabolic disorders.
-Consists of physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of the urine

Answer 40

Urinalysis Section