introduction to pharmacology-pharmacodynamics Flashcards
what is pharmacology?
how chemical agent can affect the function of living system
what is pharmacodynamics?
what the drug does to the body
what is pharmacokinetics?
what the body does to the drug
to produce an effect, the drug needs to bind to a specific target in the body. what are the vast majority of targets? how many classes of these targets are they? what are theses classes?
proteins 4 classes of target proteins: -receptors -enzymes -ion channels -carrier proteins
drugs can have two effects. what are they?
enhance activation of a target or prevent activation of a target
how can a drug be an effective therapeutic agents?
drugs must show a high degree of specificity for a drug target
BUT it is very difficult to design a drug that has complete specificity
on what does the dose of the drug depend on?
it is related to the specificity of a drug
what is a therapeutic window? by what is it quantified? what indication does it provide?
compares the dose of a drug that produces therapeutic effect with the dose of the drug that produces a toxic effect
it is quantified by the therapeutic index
provides an indication of the safety of a drug
what is ED50? what is it used for?
effective dose to produce a specific therapeutic effect in 50% of the population
used to measure therapeutic effect
what is TD50? what is it used for?
the dose required to produce a specific toxic effect in 50% of the population
used to measure the toxic effect
how do we calculate the therapeutic index?
TD50/ED50
what is the affinity of a drug?
strength of binding of the drug to the receptor
what is efficacy?
the ability of an individual drug molecule to produce an effect once bound to a receptor
what are receptor agonists?
endogenous chemicals
what are exogenous agonists?
many drugs
they are chemicals used to try and mimic the effects of endogenous agonists
what is one of the advantages of using exogenous agonists?
it can produce a higher effect when using a high dose than an endogenous agonists
what is one of the disadvantages?
delivering It to its precise site is more difficult than with an endogenous agonist
can some drugs be receptor antagonists?
yes, they block the effects of the endogenous agonists
can antagonist have efficacy?
an antagonist must have ZERO efficacy
what is a full agonist?
when a drug produces 100% of the maximum tissue response
what do we call a drug that, when administered, the maximum tissue response is different than 100%?
partial agonist
what are the similarities and differences between a competitive and irreversible antagonist?
both of them block
BUT
competitive –> short time
irreversible –> long time (possibly permanent)
competitive –> you can always recreate the level of response you want by adding more agonists
what determines if a drug is more potent than an other?
the less drug you require to produce a certain effect the more potent the drug is
what is used to compare potency?
ED50
