Introduction to Pharmacology Flashcards
What drug is a derivative of ergot, theorized to treat migraines by constriction of the blood vessels to the head?
A) Ergotamine
B) Ergonovine
C) Echinacea
D) Elastin
A) Ergotamine
What drug is a derivative of ergot, once used to hasten birth, but now used to arrest uterine bleeding post labor?
A) Ergotamine
B) Ergonovine
C) Peyote
D) Curare
B) Ergonovine
Gram positive diseases are characterized by bacteria with ______ cell walls and no outer membrane. Examples are diphtheria and staphylococcus.
A) Thin cell walls
B) Thick cell walls
C) No cell walls
D) Extra cell walls
B) Thick cell walls
Gram negative diseases are characterized by bacteria with ______ cell walls and an outer membrane. Examples are cholera and E. Coli.
A) Thick cell walls
B) Thin cell walls
C) Extra cell walls
D) No cell walls
B) Thin cell walls
Morphine is a powerful derivative of what plant/flower?
A) Daises
B) Osteospernum
C) Poppies
D) Daffodils
C) Poppies
Opium, a derivative of the flower it comes from, contains what percentage of morphine?
A) 20%
B) 15%
C) 40%
D) 10%
D) 10%
Opium, a derivative of the flower it comes from, contains what percentage of codeine?
A) 10%
B) 28.5%
C) 5%
D) 0.5%
D) 0.5%
Classified as a ‘medium drug’ in ancient China, what drug was used to treat cough, influenza, and fever?
A) Ma Huang
B) Al Pachino
C) Peyote
D) Ergonovine
A) Ma Huang
Isolated from an ancient Chinese plant, what drug is used to treat asthma?
A) Epinephrine
B) Elasticum
C) Acetylcholine
D) Ephedrine
D) Ephedrine
What plant was historically used by the indigenous peoples of South America to aid in their hunts, which is now used by anesthesiologists?
A) Curare
B) Glutamine
C) Serotonin
D) Acetaminophen
A) Curare
What poison fungus grows on the heads of rye, particularly in wet seasons?
A) Mescaline
B) Ergot
C) Ergotamine
D) Ergonovine
B) Ergot
Which cactus plant derivative containing mescaline causes powerful hallucinations, a feeling of well being and distortion of perception?
A) Peyote
B) Lysergic mescaline
C) Bronchium
D) Striatum
A) Peyote
Which potent hallucinogenic drug was discovered by Albert Hoffman in 1943?
A) Ergot
B) Mescaline
C) Acid
D) LSD
D) LSD
________ stimulate receptors at the endogenous ligand and allow the activation of a drug.
A) Agonists
B) Antagonists
C) Mediastinum
D) Enablers
A) Agonists
________ block the stimulation of receptors at the endogenous ligand and block the activation of a drug.
A) Agonists
B) Antagonists
C) Blockers
D) Enticers
B) Antagonists
In terms of the Dose Response Curve, what does the y axis represent?
A) The log dose
B) The percentage of effect response
C) Efficacy
D) Drug potential
B) The percentage of effect response
________ is the maximum pharmacological effect that can be produced by a specific drug in that biological system.
A) Potency
B) Efficacy
C) Drug Potential
D) Agonist
B) Efficacy
_________ is the dose of the drug required to produce a response of a certain magnitude, usually 50% of the maximum response for that drug.
A) Potency
B) Efficacy
C) Drug Potential
D) Agonist
A) Potency
Drug A can only relieve pain of mild intensity. Drug B can relieve pain of high intensity. From this information one can conclude that:
A) Drug A has greater efficacy
B) Drug B has greater efficacy
C) Drug A is more potent than drug B
D) Drub B is more potent than drug A
B) Drug B has greater efficacy
The therapeutic response is best described as:
A) The max pharmacological effect that can be produced
B) 50% of the maximal response to a drug
C) The dose that is appropriate for most people
D) The range of blood concentration where the drug is effective but toxicities usually do not occur
D) The range of blood concentration where the drug is effective but toxicities usually do not occur
The fraction of an administered dose that reaches the systematic circulation (blood) in an active form is defined as _______.
A) Intravenous
B) Bioavailability
C) Administration
D) Subcutaneous
B) Bioavailability
_________ is defined as the movement of a drug from the site of administration into the blood.
A) Administration
B) Absorption
C) Parenteral
D) Distribution
B) Absorption
The ultra short duration of action of thiopental is due to:
A) Redistribution of the drug from the brain to fat and muscle
B) Rapid breakdown of the liver
C) Poor penetration into the brain
A) Redistribution of the drug from the brain to fat and muscle
A drug can be given both intravenously and orally. What should be considered when selecting the most appropriate dosage for the patients situation?
A) The pharmacokinetics would be the exact same because it is the same drug
B) The same dose of the drug needs to be provided but IV administration is preferable because it it more reliable
C) Differences in bioavailability need to be carefully considered
D) More IV drug needs to be given as the onset of action is slower
C) Differences in bioavailability need to be carefully considered
Grapefruit and other citrus fruits is known to alter the absorption of drugs.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Penicillin has the ability to combine with proteins to form antigens, and a small percentage of the population receiving penicillin experience adverse effects. This is properly classified as:
A) An extension of the therapeutic effect
B) Teratogenesis
C) Drug Addiction
D) Drug allergy
D) Drug allergy
How many neurons exist in the human brain?
A) 100 million
B) 500 million
C) 60 billion
D) 90 billion
D) 90 billion
What neurotransmitter has glutamatergic receptors?
A) Glutamate
B) Muscarine
C) GABA
D) Acetylcholine
A) Glutamate
What neurotransmitter has GABAergic receptors?
A) Glutamate
B) GABA
C) Acetylcholine
D) Serotonin
B) GABA
Which neurotransmitter has nicotinic and muscarinic receptors?
A) Acetylcholine
B) GABA
C) Norepinephrine
A) Acetylcholine
Which Neurotransmitter has alpha and beta receptors?
A) Acetylcholine
B) Norepinephrine
C) GABA
D) Glutamate
B) Norepinephrine
The primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain is:
A) Dopamine
B) Norepinephrine
C) GABA
D) Glutamate
D) Glutamate
