Common Prescription Drugs and OTC Flashcards
Which antibiotic inhibits DNA synthesis?
A) Fluoroquinolones
B) Penicillin
C) Macrolides
A) Fluoroquinolones
Which antibiotic inhibits the formation of bacterial cell walls by inhibiting transpeptidase?
A) Sulfonamides
B) Trimethoprim
C) Tetracycline
D) Penicillin/ cephalosporins
D) Penicillin/ cephalosporins
Which antibiotic inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and preventing the addition of amino acids to protein chains?
A) Tetracycline
B) Sulfonamides
C) Trimethoprim
D) Macrolides
A) Tetracycline
Which antibiotic inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and blocking peptide bond formation?
A) Macrolides
B) Sulfonamides
C) Trimethoprim
D) Tetracycline
A) Macrolides
Which antibiotic blocks folate metabolism by inhibiting PABA incorporation into dihydropteroic acid?
E) Sulfonamides
F) Trimethoprim
G) Tetracycline
H) Macrolides
E) Sulfonamides
Which antibiotic blocks folate metabolism by inhibiting dihydrofolic acid reductase?
A) Trimethoprim
B) Tetracycline
C) Macrolides
A) Trimethoprim
Which one is resistant to the action of penicillinase?
A) Methicillin
B) Penicillin G
C) Ampicillin
D) Amoxicillin
A) Methicillin
Co-trimoxazole is a combination of trimethoprim and which other drug?
A) Fluoroquinolones
B) Penicillin V
C) Sulfamethoxazole
D) Cephalosporins
C) Sulfamethoxazole
All types of hormonal birth control have progestin, but only fixed, multiphasic, and continuous oral preparations and the transdermal patch contain estrogen as well.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Which one of the following statements correctly applies to hormonal contraceptives?
A) They are associated with few adverse effects
B) They can only be injected or applied as a patch
C) They make cervical gland secretions optimal for sperm migration
D) They are very effective when taken correctly.
D) They are very effective when taken correctly.
What is true about the study of gossypol?
A) It decreased sperm count when taken orally in 99% of subjects
B) It produces a contraceptive effect that is reversible following discontinuation of the drug after 5 years
C) It is derived from canola seed oil
D) It is widely used in Europe
A) It decreased sperm count when taken orally in 99% of subjects
What is an antibiotic?
A) a chemical substance that suppresses the growth of bacteria and may eventually destroy them
B) a chemical substance that enhances the growth of bacteria and promotes their growth
C) a medicine used to treat cancerous cells
A) a chemical substance that suppresses the growth of bacteria and may eventually destroy them
Which one of these classifications are used in antibiotics?
A) broad and narrow spectrum
B) broad and small spectrum
C) small and narrow spectrum
D) high and low spectrum
A) broad and narrow spectrum
Penicillin-G, a narrow spectrum antibiotic, is particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria.
A) True
B) False
B) False
** It is effective against gram-positive bacteria.
Tetracyclines, broad spectrum antibiotics, are useful against a wide range of microorganisms, and primarily attack gram-negative bacteria.
A) true
B) false
B) false
**they work against both gram negative and positive bacteria.
Another way to classify antibiotics is by identifying the _______ in the bacterial cell.
A) bioavailability
B) targeted biohazard
C) targeted biochemical pathway
D) targeted site of action
C) targeted biochemical pathway
How do cell wall synthesis inhibitors work in targeted biochemical pathways?
A) by stopping the proper formation of the bacterial cell wall
B) by enhancing the formation of the bacterial cell wall
C) by erasing the cell’s DNA synthesis entirely
D) by inhibiting DNA replication
A) by stopping the proper formation of the bacterial cell wall
What year did Alexander Fleming discover that Penicillin mold could produce and excrete an antibacterial substance?
A) 1949
B) 1922
C) 1929
D) 1878
C) 1929
Which natural, narrow spectrum antibiotic destroys mainly gram-positive bacteria?
*Hint: it is useful in the treatment of pneumonia, middle ear infections, skin infections, meningitis, and can be used to treat syphilis.
Penicillin G
What is the name of a cell that forms without a cell wall as a result of penicillin’s mechanism of action?
A) prototype
B) proton gun
C) homeless cell
D) protoplast
D) protoplast
Human cells do not have cell walls and are therefore unaffected by penicillin, making it selectively toxic to bacteria.
A) True
B) False
A) True
What range of people are allergic to penicillin in the population?
A) 1-20%
B) 1-30%
C) 1-5%
D) 1-10%
D) 1-10%
Which antibiotics are chemically similar to penicillin, but in general are more resistant to penicillinase?
A) staphylococcus
B) alcohol dehydrogenase
C) cephalosporin
C) cephalosporin
What is ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, used for?
A) oral or IV infection therapies for both gram positive and negative microorganisms
B) subcutaneous wound care caused by staphylococcus
C) Detoxification of ethanol poisonings
A) oral or IV infection therapies for both gram positive and negative microorganisms
Which alternative is helpful for those who are allergic to penicillin, which also is effective in treating gram negative bacteria?
A) tetracyclines
B) macrolides
C) trimethoprim
D) none of these
B) macrolides
What is co-trimoxazole useful for?
A) treatment of urinary tract infections
B) respiratory tract infections
C) GI tract infections
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
What are some of reasons for the cause of antibiotic resistance?
~Over- prescription by physicians.
~Inappropriate use by the public such as premature discontinuation of an antibiotic, or using drugs not meant for them.
~Use in agriculture (animals unnecessarily treated with them, which then makes it’s way onto our plates)
Antibiotics will help humans in the fight of the flu and common cold.
A) True
B) False
B) False
**this contributes to the emergence of resistant bacteria.
What are the 4 basic mechanisms bacteria have in their acquisition of resistance to antibiotics?
Uptake: small molecules gain access to the inside of the microorganism by moving through pores in the membranes. Mutation or lack of these pores makes the organism resistant.
Target: a mutation in the target for the antibiotic can reduce the binding of the drugs to is target and be ineffective.
Inactivation: microorganisms develop an enzyme that inactivates the antibiotic. Ex: the formulation of penicillinase, which inactivates penicillin.
Efflux Pumps: some microorganisms will over express transporters that pump the drug out of the microorganism before the cell can be injured.
_______, a newer class of antifungals, work by inhibiting the synthesis of a component of the cell wall, resulting in disruption of the cell wall and fungal death.
A) echinocandins
B) cephalosporins
C) imidazoles (Azoles)
D) research is still premature in this area
A) echinocandins
What fungal cytochrome P450 resulting synthesis is critical for fungal cell wall survival and function?
A) cholinesterase
B) thiopental
C) Ergotamine
D) ergosterol
D) ergosterol
A virus is a small, infectious agent that is only able to multiply within living cells of other organisms, including animals, plants, and bacteria.
A) true
F) false
A) true
What is a common prescription for chicken pox or shingles, characterized by the zoster varicella virus?
Acyclovir
How do vaccines differ from antivirals in their mechanisms of action?
Vaccines introduce non-functional fragments of the virus to the body prior to infection so that the body can learn to fight it off.
Antivirals work to treat infections already occurring in the body.
hormonal contraceptives inhibit the release of gonadotropin-release hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. As a result, the pituitary is not stimulated to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), resulting in no follicular maturation and the inhibition of ovulation.
A) True
B) False
A) True
hormonal contraceptives commonly include progestins, which alter the secretions of the endocervical gland to a scant, thick fluid that is optimal for sperm migration.
A) True
B) False
B) False
** this thick fluid is NOT optimal for sperm migration.
Which is an associated adverse effect of a IUD birth control contraceptive?
A) heavy menstrual flow
B) pelvic discomfort
C) increased uterine infections
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Attempts to inhibit spermatogenesis have been largely successful, with most of the drugs and processes studied resulting in acceptable rates of fertility.
A) True
B) False
B) False
