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PERSPECTIVE > Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms > Flashcards

Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Flashcards

1
Q

Various dosage forms are named and grouped according to:

A
  1. Method of administration
  2. Method of preparation
  3. Physical nature
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2
Q

Classification according to method of administration

A
  1. Oral DF
  2. Parenteral DF
  3. Rectal DF
  4. Inhalation DF
  5. Topical DF
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3
Q

Preparations intended to be taken orally

A

Oral DF

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4
Q

preparations introduces into the body by injections through the skin mucous membranes

A

Parenteral DF

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5
Q

employed for systemic effect or a local action through the rectum

A

Rectal DF

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6
Q

intended to be finally dispensed or vaporized to the mucous membranes of the lower part of the respiratory tract

A

Inhalation DF

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7
Q

intended to be applied on the skin or instilled into the eyes, nose, or ears

A

Topical DF

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8
Q

Classification of Physical Nature

A
  1. Liquids
  2. Extracts
  3. Parenteral Preparations
  4. Intravenous Admixture
  5. Ophthalmic Preparation(sterile prep for eyes)
  6. Medicated Applications
  7. Powders
  8. Oral Solid DF
  9. Aerosols
  10. Radio-pharmaceuticals
  11. Biological Products
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9
Q

A homogeneous mixture that is prepared by dissolving a solid or liquid or gas in another liquid. It represents a group of preparations in which the molecules of the solute or dissolved substances are dispersed among those of the solvent

A

Solution (Liquids)

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10
Q

types of solutions

A
  1. Aqueous Sol.
  2. Sweet or Other viscid Aqueous Sol.
  3. Non-Aqueous Sol.
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11
Q

3 types of liquids

A
  1. Solution
  2. Emulsions
  3. Suspensions
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12
Q

water is used as the vehicle or the solvent for the desired flavoring or medical ingredients

A
  1. Aqueous Sol.
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13
Q

also known as medicated water; clear saturated aqueous solutions of volatile oils or other aromatic or volatile substances. Used mainly as flavored or perfumed vehicles.

A

Aromatic water (Aqueous Sol. )

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14
Q

are official inorganic acids and certain acids although or minor significances as the therapeutic agents but of great importance in chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing.

A

Aqueous Acid (Aqueous Sol.)

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15
Q

aqueous sol. of acids of suitable strength usually 10% w/v except diluted Hac which is 6% w/v. They are used for internal administrator or for the manufacture of other preparations.

A

Diluted Acids (Aqueous Sol.)

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16
Q

is a liquid preparation that contains one or more soluble chemical substances dissolved in water.

A

Solution (Aqueous Sol. )

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17
Q

aqueous solutions directed against a part or into a cavity of the body as a cleansing or antiseptic agent.

A

Douches (Aqueous Sol. )

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18
Q

aka evacuation enemas. rectal injections employed to evacuate the bowel;

A

Enemas (Aqueous Sol. )

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19
Q

are aqueous solutions used for treating pharynx or the nasopharynx by forcing air

A

Gargles (Aqueous Sol. )

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20
Q

aqueous solutions which are most often used for their deodorant, refreshing or antiseptic effect

A

Mouthwashes (Aqueous Sol. )

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21
Q

are prepared from fresh ripe fruits, aqueous in character and used in making syrups employed as vehicles.

A

Juices (Aqueous Sol. )

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22
Q

are usually aqueous solutions designed to be administered to the nasal passages in drops or spray form.

A

Nasal Solutions (Aqueous Sol.)

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23
Q

aq. preparations dispensed in a container which permits the administrations of drops to the ear

A

Otic Solutions (Aqueous Sol. )

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24
Q
  1. Sweet or Other Viscid Aqueous Sol.
A

a. Syrups
b. Honey
c. Mucilages
d. Jellies

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25
Q

are concentrated solutions of sugar such as sucrose in water or other aq. liquids, used either as flavored syrup or medicated syrup

A

Syrup (Sweet)

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26
Q

is thick liquid preparations somewhat allied to syrup and used as a base in place of syrup

A

Honey (Sweet)

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27
Q

are thick, viscid, adhesive liquids produced by dispersing gum in water or by extracting with water the mucilaginous principles from vegetable substances

A

Mucilages (Sweet)

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28
Q

are class of gels in which the structural coherent matrix contains a high proportion of liquids.

A

Jellies (Sweet)

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29
Q
  1. Non-Aqueous Sol.
A

a. Collodion
b. Elixirs
c. Glycerin or glycerites
d. Inhalations and Inhalants
e. Liniments
f. Oleovitamins
g. Spirits
h. Toothache Drops

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30
Q

a liquid preparation containing pyroxillin in a mixture of ethyl ether and ethanol. applied to the skin by means of a soft brush or other suitable applicator.

A

Collodion (Non-Aqueous Sol.)

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31
Q

are clear, pleasantly flavored sweetened hydroalcoholic liquids intended for oral use, as flavors and vehicles.

A

Elixirs (Non-Aqueous Sol.)

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32
Q

are solutions or mixtures of medicinal substances on not less than 50% by weight of glycerin

A

Glycerin or Glycerites

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33
Q

drugs or solution of drugs administered by the nasal or oral respiratory route for local or systemic effect

A

Inhalations and Inhalants

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34
Q

used for the administration of inhalations

A

Nebulizers

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35
Q

drugs delivered via high power pressure carried by air current into the nasal passage

A

Inhalants

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36
Q

are solutions or mixtures of various substances in oil, alcoholic solutions of soup or emulsion, intended for external application, rubbed on affected areas

A

Liniments

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37
Q

are fish liver oils diluted with edible vegetable oil or solutions of volatile substances of the indicated vitamins or vit. concentrates on fish liver oil.

A

Oleovitamins

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38
Q

are popularly known as essences, are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances.

A

Spirits

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39
Q

preparations used for the temporary relief of tootache

A

toothache drops

40
Q

are a two phase system prepared by combining two immiscible liquids, one of which is uniformly dispersed through the other

A

Emulsions

41
Q

in incorporated to prevent separation of the two phases

A

emulsifying agent

42
Q

are a two-phase system consisting of finely divided solid dispersed in a solid, liquid, or gas. is added to ensure appropriate dispersion of the solid in the vehicle

A

suspensions/ suspending agent

43
Q

Particle size of Solution, Colloid, Suspension:

A

S- less than 1nm
C- 1 to 100nm
Ss- more than 100nm

44
Q

Appearance of Solution, Colloid, Suspension:

A

S- clear
C- cloudy
Ss- cloudy

45
Q

Separation of Solution, Colloid, Suspension

A

S- does not separate
C- does not separate
Ss- Separate or settle

46
Q

Filterability of Solution, Colloid, Suspension

A

S- Passes through the filter paper
C- Passes through the filter paper
Ss- Particles do not pas through the filter paper

47
Q

Effect of beam of light of Solution, Colloid, Suspension

A

S- Light can passe through
C- Scatters Light
Ss- Light cannot passe through

48
Q

Examples of of Solution, Colloid, Suspension

A

S- Salt Solution
C- Mayonnaise
Ss- Muddy water

49
Q

either suspension made up of small inorganic particles or large organic molecules interpenetrated by a liquid

A

Gels-semi-solid systems

50
Q

usually liquid suspension or dispersions intended for external application to the body

A

Lotion

51
Q

aq. suspensions of insoluble inorganic drugs; they differ from gels mainly in that the suspended particles are layers

A

Magmas and Milks

52
Q

aq. liquid preparations which contains suspended insoluble, solid substances intended for internal use

A

Mixture

53
Q

these are solutions of the active constituents of a crude drug obtained by maceration or percolation ready for use as a medical agent or may be further process to produce solid or semisolid extracts.

A

Extracts

54
Q

are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic sol. prepared from vegetable materials or from chemical substances

A

Tinctures

55
Q

are liquid preparations of vegetable drugs containing alcohol as a solvent or as a preservative or both

A

fluidextracts

56
Q

sterile prep. intended to be administered by injection under or through one or more layers of the skin or mucous membrane.

A

parenteral prep.

57
Q

types of parenteral prep

A

a. Solutions ready for injections
b. Dry, soluble products ready to be combined w/ a solvent just prior to the use
c. suspensions ready for injections
d. Dry, insoluble products ready to be combined w/ a vehicle just a prior to use
e. emulsions

58
Q

refers to a mixture of IVF and drugs to be administered by injection

A

Intravenous Admixture

59
Q

sterile, large volume sol. intended to be administered by VI infusions, they contain sugar, amino acids and electrolytes

A

Intravenous Fluid

60
Q

combination of one or more sterile products added to an IVF for administration (using aseptic technique)

A

IV admixture

61
Q

preparation containing calories, nitrogen and other nutrients in sufficient quantities

A

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

62
Q

intended for the eyes contain medicinal agents added to the ointment base of white petrolatum and mineral oil either as a sol. o as micronized powder

A

Ophthalmic Preparation Ointments

63
Q

preparations designed to furnish hydrophilic coating over the characteristically hydrophilic surface of hard contact lens surface

A

wetting solutions

64
Q

used to remove surface contaminants, lipids, proteins.

A

cleaning solutions

65
Q

isotonic; in an acceptable pH range non reactive with lens material and sterile sol. which exhibits disinfecting activity

A

disinfection solution

66
Q

used to store and hydrate hard lenses and to disinfect

A

soaking solutions

67
Q

solutions intended to rewet hard lenses in situ

A

artificial tears

68
Q

applied to skin or inserted into body orifices in liquid, semi-liquid, or solid forms

A

Medicated applications

69
Q

a soft mass of meals, herbs, seeds, etc. usually applied hot in clothes.

A

Cataplasm (poultice)

70
Q

concentrates of absorptive powder dispersed in petrolatum or hydrophilic petrolatum. are stiff to the point of dryness and are often used in the treatment of oozing lesions

A

Paste

71
Q

usually describe as dusting powders.

A

Powder for external use

72
Q

external application resembling ointment usually used as covering or protection

A

Dressing

73
Q

viscous liquids or semi-solid emulsions of either o/w or w/o type

A

cream

74
Q

substances intended for external application, made of such materials and of such consistency to adhere to the skin and attach to a dressing.

A

Plasters

75
Q

solid dosage forms of various weights and shapes usually medicated for insertion into the rectum, vagina, or the urethra.

A

Suppositories

76
Q

generally supplied as finely divided powder or as effervescent granules

A

oral powder

77
Q

may be prepared in the form of a bulk powder generally containing soap or detergent, mild adhesive and an anticariogenic agent

A

Dentrifices

78
Q

soluble powders intended to be dissolved in water prior to use as antiseptic or cleaning agents for a body cavity

A

Douche Powder

79
Q

locally applied non-toxic preparation that are intended to have no systemic action.

A

Dusting powders

80
Q

finely divided powders introduced into the body cavities such as the ears, nose, throat, tooth sockets and vagina with the use of an insufflator(powder blower)

A

Insufflations

81
Q

dilutions of potent powdered drugs prepared by intimately mixing with a suitable diluent in 1:10 dilutions

A

Triturations

82
Q

solid dosage forms containing drug substances

A

tablets

83
Q

solid dosage forms in which the drug substance is enclosed in either a hard or soft container

A

capsules

84
Q

small, round, solid dosage forms containing medicinal agents and intended for oral administration

A

pills

85
Q

small, sterile cylinders about 3.2mm in diameter by 8mm in length, formed by compression from medicated masses

A

pellets

86
Q

used both orally and topically, contain therapeutically active ingredients dissolves, suspended, or emulsified in a propellant or in a mixture of solvent and propellant.

A

aerosols

87
Q

used for the symptomatic tx of asthma, migraine headache

A

oral aerosols

88
Q

used to treat a multitude of dermatological manifestations

A

topical aerosols

89
Q

used in medicine for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes

A

radioisotopes

90
Q

suspension of attenuated(live) or inactivated(killed) microorganism of fraction thereof administered to induce immunity and thus prevent infectious disease

A

vaccine

91
Q

A modified antigen from an infectious organism used as a vaccine.

A

toxoid

92
Q

a solution containing antibodies from the pooled plasma of not less than 1000 normal individuals

A

1.1 immunoglobulin

93
Q

a special preparation obtained from human donor pools selective for high antibody titer against a specific disease

A

hyperimmune serum

94
Q

a solution antibodies derived form the serum of animals immunized with specific toxins (toxoid)

A

antitoxin

95
Q

a solution of antibodies derived from the serum of animals immunized with specific viral vaccines

A

antiviral serum

96
Q

a preparation of antibodies derived from the serum of animals immunized with specific venom used to neutralize the venom produced by the specific organism

A

antivenin

PERSPECTIVE (4 decks)

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