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Anatomy Reproduction > Introduction to Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

Introduction to Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the pelvis is termed as the true pelvis

A

Inferiorly

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2
Q

Which part of the pelvis is termed as the false pelvis

A

Superiorly

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3
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint

A

Synovial

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4
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis

A

Secondary cartilaginous (a joint made of hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage)

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5
Q

Describe the male and female greater pelvis

A

Female-shallow

Male-deep

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6
Q

Describe the male and female lesser pelvis

A

Female-Wide and shallow

Male- narrow and deep

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7
Q

Describe the male and female pelvic inlet

A

Male-oval and round

Female-heart shaped

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8
Q

Describe the male and female pelvic outlet

A

Male-small

Female- large

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9
Q

Describe the obturator foramen in male and female

A

Female-oval

Male-Round

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10
Q

What is the narrowest diameter of the pelvic inlet

A

13cm

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11
Q

What is the narrowest diameter of the pelvic outlet

A

11cm

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12
Q

What muscle is present in the posterior wall of the pelvis

A

Piriforms

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13
Q

Which nerve network lies on the muesli forming the posterior wall of the pelvis

A

Sacral plexus

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14
Q

Where does the Perineal body lie?

A

Midline of the perineum anterior to rectum and anal canal

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15
Q

Where does the anococcygeal body lie?

A

Midline between coccyx and posterior part of rectum

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16
Q

Name the muscles that make up the majority of the pelvic floor

A

Levator Ani

Coccygeus

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17
Q

Name 2 functions of the pelvic diaphragm/floor

A

Helps support pelvic viscera

Resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the pelvic diaphragm

A

Branches of S4
Inferior anal (rectal) nerve
Coccygeal plexus

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19
Q

What is Cyctocele

A

Prolapsed bladder

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20
Q

What is Rectocele

A

Herniation of the front wall of the rectum into the back wall of the vagina

21
Q

Injury to pelvic floor during childbirth is common and potentially damaging.
Why?

A

During childbirth the pelvic floor supports the foetal head while the cervix of the uterus is dilating to permit delivery of the foetus

22
Q

Why may an episiotomy minimise long term damage?

A

It can help prevent severe spontaneous tears

23
Q

Whys is a mediolateral episiotomy preferable to a midline episiotomy

A

Risk of anal tear is much lower

24
Q

List the 3 main urinary pelvic organs

A

Bladder
Ureter
Urethra

25
Q

List the main male reproductive pelvic organs

A 
Testes
Epididymis
Prostate
Ductus deferens
Seminal glands
Ejaculatory ducts
Bulbourethral glands
26
Q

List the main female reproductive pelvic organs

A

Vagia
Uterus
Uterine Tubes
Ovaries

27
Q

What structures can be palpated when performing a DRE

A

Prostate

Uterus and Cervix

28
Q

What arteries supply the bladder, seminal gland and prostate in males

A

Superior and inferior vesical artery

29
Q

What arteries supply the pelvic part of the ureter, uterus, ligament of uterus, uterine tube and vagina

A

Uterine artery

30
Q

What arteries supply the abdominal artery from the pelvis

A

Gonadal (testicular or ovarian)

31
Q

What artery ripples the Gluteal muscles and tensor fasciae latae

A

Superior rectal artery

32
Q

What artery supplies the seminal gland, prostate and rectum

A

Middle and inferior rectal artery

33
Q

What artery supples the Vagina and branches to inferior part of urinary bladder

A

Vaginal artery

34
Q

What artery supplies the perineum

A

Internal pudendal artery

35
Q

What artery supples the pelvic muscles

A

Obturator artery

36
Q

Which part(s) of the rectum drain(s) into the portal circulation?

A

Superior rectal veins

37
Q

Which part(s) of the rectum drain(s) into the systemic circulation?

A

Middle and Inferior rectal veins

38
Q

What is the significance of understanding the venous drainage of the rectum?

A

The venous drainage of the rectum mirrors the arterial supply

39
Q

Why might haemorrhoids be associated with cirrhosis of the liver?

A

The upper and middle thirds of the rectum drain primarily into the superior rectal vein and finally empty into the liver via the inferior mesenteric vein and portal vein

40
Q

With which venous plexus does the prostatic venous plexus communicate with on its posterior side?

A

Internal vertebral venous plexus

41
Q

Where does the ilioguinal nerve originate from and what does it supply

A

L1

Skin at root of penis in male and labia in female

42
Q

Where does the genitofemoral nerve originate from

A

L1 and L2 and enters deep inguinal ring

43
Q

Which segmental level does the pudendal nerve arise from

A

S2-S4

44
Q

What bony landmarks are used when performing a pudendal nerve block during labour

A

The sacrospinous ligament to the ischial spine

45
Q

Where does the autonomic nerve supply to the pelvis originate

A

Pelvic Plexus

46
Q

Where do the sympathetic fibres originate

A

L1 and L2 via the hypogastric nerve and terminal aspect of the sympathetic trunk

47
Q

Where do the parasympathetic fibres in the pelvis originate from

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2 to S4)

48
Q

What are 4 primary lymph node groups in the pelvis

A

External iliac
Internal iliac
Sacral
Common iliac

Anatomy Reproduction (4 decks)

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