Female Reproductive System

Question 1

What 3 structures constitute the birth canal

Answer 1

Cervix
Vagina
Vulva

Question 2

What are the 3 layers of the uterus

Answer 2

Endometrium
Myometrium
Serosa

Question 3

What area of the uterine body does the lower segment develop from?

Answer 3

Isthmus

Question 4

When a caesarean delivery is done which part part of the uterus is opened to deliver the baby

Answer 4

Lower segment

Question 5

What is the normal position of the uterus

Answer 5

Anteflxed

Anteverted

Question 6

What could happen if the position of the uterus is very retroverted and retroflexed, particularly in early pregnancy?

Answer 6

More pressure on bladder during the first trimester

Question 7

At any surgical management of miscarriage why might it be important to know prior to instrumentation of the uterine cavity whether the uterus is anteverted or retroverted?

Answer 7

There is a risk of perforation

Question 8

What are the fornices of the vagina

Answer 8

Superior portions of the vagina, extending into the recesses created by the vaginal portions of the cervix
Lateral, Posterior, Anterior

Question 9

Through which vaginal fornix can you access the rectouterine pouch

Answer 9

Posterior

Question 10

Name the 4 ligaments of the uterus/cervix

Answer 10

Suspensory ligament of ovary
Ligament of ovary
Round ligament of uterus
broad ligament

Question 11

What ligament is called the cardinal ligament

Answer 11

Lateral Cervical Ligament

Question 12

Apart from pelvic fascia, what other structure in the pelvis is also an important support of the uterus?

Answer 12

Uterus rests on top of the bladder passively and attached condensations of the endopelvic fascia (ligaments)

Question 13

Name the 4 parts of the uterine tube

Answer 13

Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
Intramural

Question 14

What is the longest part of the uterine tube

Answer 14

Ampulla

Question 15

What is the widest part of the uterine tube

Answer 15

Infundibulum

Question 16

Fertilisation occurs in which part of the uterine tube

Answer 16

Ampulla

Question 17

What is meant by tubal (ectopic) pregnancy

Answer 17

Pregnancy that implants in the fallopian tube

Question 18

What are the 2 ligaments associated with the ovary

Answer 18

Round ligament

Ligament of ovary

Question 19

At what vertebral level do the ovarian arteries originate

Answer 19

L2

Question 20

Into which vessels does the left ovarian vein drain to

Answer 20

Left renal vein

Question 21

Into which vessels does the left ovarian vein drain into

Answer 21

IVC

Question 22

Which group of lymph nodes drains the ovary

Answer 22

Para-aortic group

lateral aortic group

Question 23

What is the lymphatic drain of the funds and upper uterine body

Answer 23

Pre-aortic group of lymph nodes

Question 24

What is the lymphatic drainage of most of the uterine body

Answer 24

External iliac nodes

Question 25

What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterine cervix and upper vagina

Answer 25

Internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes

Question 26

What is the lymphatic drainage of the lower vagina

Answer 26

Superior inguinal lymph nodes

Question 27

Where does the breast extend from vertically

Answer 27

2nd rib to 6th rib

Question 28

What us the blood supply of the mammary gland

Answer 28

Branches of subclavian and axillary arteries

Question 29

Which group of lymph nodes first receives lymph from the lateral part of the breast tissue

Answer 29

Pectoral nodes

Question 30

During pregnancy what happens to the areolae duct epithelium

Answer 30

It proliferates and lots of secretory alveoli form and begin to make a protein rich fluid called colostrum

Question 31

Which side of the placenta is rough

Answer 31

Maternal

Question 32

List 4 functions of the placenta

Answer 32

Gas exchange Metabolic transfer Hormone secretion Foetal protection

Question 33

At what stage of labour des the placenta physiologically separate from the uterine wall

Answer 33

Third stage

Question 34

What is the function of umbilical arteries in the foetal circulation

Answer 34

Circulate blood without oxygen from the foetus through blood vessels that leave the foetus through the umbilical cord

Question 35

What structure does the umbilical vein persist as

Answer 35

Round ligament of liver

Question 36

What is the function of umbilical veins in the foetal circulation

Answer 36

Carries oxygenated blood from the placenta into growing foetus

Question 37

What is the central structure in the umbilical cord

Answer 37

Wharton's Jelly