Introduction to Pathology

Question 1

Pathology

Answer 1

Study of disease

Question 2

Disease

Answer 2

Any deviation from the normal structure or function -may or may not have characteristic clinical signs -may affect the whole body or any of its parts -of known or unknown cause

Question 3

Pathogenesis

Answer 3

Sequence of events from initial stimulus to ultimate expression of disease

-Starts with a cause and ends with an abnormality

Question 4

Lesion

Answer 4

Any morphological change in tissue during disease, alterations in color/shape/size/texture/etc.

Question 5

Etiology

Answer 5

Cause

Question 6

Prognosis

Answer 6

Outcome

Question 7

Pathognomonic

Answer 7

Characteristics for a specific disease

Question 8

5 pathological processes

Answer 8

-Degeneration/necrosis (cell injury) -Inflammation and repair -Circulatory disorders -Disorders of cell growth (cell adaptation, neoplasia, and developmental abnormalities) -Deposits and pigmentation

Question 9

Classical laboratory investigation

Answer 9

-Veterinarian does post mortem -Pathologist identify lesions, determine clinical significance, speculates likely etiology and pathogenesis, facilitate confirmatory diagnostics

Question 10

Veterinary pathologist requirements

Answer 10

-Must have a veterinary degree -Must do pathology residency -Other board exams are optional

Question 11

General vs. systemic pathology

Answer 11

General = main pathological processes incited by various injurious stimulus, applies to all cells/tissues/organs Systemic = system-specific disease processes, builds on main pathological processes, but takes into account unique responses to injury of each tissues and specific diseases for each system

Question 12

4 core aspects of pathology

Answer 12

-Etiology -Pathogenesis -Molecular and morphologic changes -Clinical manifestations

Question 13

Molecular and morphologic changes

Answer 13

Biochemical and structural alterations included in cells and organs of body

Question 14

Clinical manifestations

Answer 14

Clinical signs resulting from functional abnormalities of affected tissues

Question 15

Pathological processes vs. etiology

Answer 15

Pathological processes are more broad where etiology are the causes of disease

Question 16

Etiology examples

Answer 16

-Genetic/inherited -Infectious (bacterial, viral, parasitic) -Metabolic -Toxicologic -Autoimmune -Idiopathic -Iatrogenic

Question 17

Diagnosis

Answer 17

Concise statement or conclusion concerning the nature, cause, or name of a disease

Question 18

Disease name

Answer 18

Aims to encapsulate the host, morphology, and cause of disease

Question 19

Lesion

Answer 19

-Any morphological change in tissue during disease -Lesions caused by disease manifest morphologically as alterations in color, shape, size, texture, etc. -Morphologic diagnosis and etiologic diagnosis

Question 20

Bovine Viral Diarrhea

Answer 20

Disease name Host, morphology, and cause of death all in 1

Question 21

Definitive diagnosis

Answer 21

Confirmed using a variety of tests

Question 22

Differential diagnoses

Answer 22

DAMNIT-V Scheme

Question 23

Morphological diagnosis

Answer 23

-Pathological process -Location -Distribution -Duration -Severity

Question 24

Etiologic diagnosis

Answer 24

-Pathological process -Location -Cause

Question 25

What is the MDx?

Answer 25

Multifocal necro-hemorrhagic nephritis Multifocal = distribution Necro = dead Hemorrhagic = abnormal blood Nephritis = inflammation of kidney

Question 26

What is the disease name?

Answer 26

-Fading puppy syndrome -Canine herpes