Introduction To Pathology Flashcards
What does a biomedical scientist do?
Analyse fluids and tissue samples from patients, identifying diseases and providing reports
What is a disease?
An alteration from normal function/structure of an organ/ system which manifests as a characteristic set of signs and symptoms
What is pathology?
Study of structural, biochemical changes in cells tissues and organs that underlines disease
List the divisions of pathology
- Clinical chemistry
- Microbiology
- Immunoptholgy
- Cell pathology
- Haematology
Why is biomedical science?
Practiced in healthcare labs to identify, research monitor and treat disease
What is a lesion?
Any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by disease or trauma
What are the 2 types of lesions?
Gross- identifiable with the naked eye (boils etc)
EM/ Molecular- change that cannot be seen with the naked eye
What is Aetiology?
The study of the cause of disease
Why is pathogenesis.
The pathways and mechanisms by which an aetiological agent produces
the lesions
Who is Hippocrates and what did he do?
Father of Western Medicine
Respected the idea of disease affliction of gods
Looked for natural causes of disease
Changes in blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile were lesions and causes of disease
What did Aristotle do?
Conducted animal dissection and described anatomical structure in 350BC
Founder of zoology
What did Cornelius Celsius do?
He was a Roman encyclopaedist- inflammation
Rubor, tumour, calor, dolar signs that are still recognised today
What did Claudius Galen do?
Most significant Roman physician (129-201AD)
Observed disease and anatomy
Based his theories on animal direction
Many false theorises that persisted for 15 centuries
When and what was the Renaissance period?
The Study of gross anatomy, 13th-16th century
Concept of direction of dead individuals to learn something about the structure and function.
Bodies taken to secret labs to study
Who is William Harvey?
English physician (1578-1657) who revolutionised a concept of disease duration
Described circulation correctly
Who is Jean- Baptist’s 1667?
Performed two of the 1st transfusions in England and France
Carried of a direct transfusion from calf-human
Who were the significant scientists in the 18th century and what did they do?
Giovanni Morgagni- Correlted symptoms with autopsy findings
James Blundell- Resuscitated transfusion, established radical indications for blood transfusion
Edward Jenner- Father of immunology., pioneer of small pox vaccine
What is the 19th century known as?
Microscopy era
Optics of microscopes created
Recognition of cells
What is clinical chemistry?
The analysis of various body fluids for the detection and quantity ion of an enormous range of sub-cellular substances
What is medical microbiology?
The detection & identification of a wide range of micro-organisms
The sensitivity of the organism to therapeutic agents is assessed, in order to arrive at a suitable treatment
regime.
What is cellular pathology?
Split into 2 categories:
1. Cytology- investigation of individual cells which have been dissociates from their normal surroundings
2. Histology- investigation of tissue samples rather than isolated, individual cells
What is haematology?
Performance of blood counts using automated methods that gives lots of info on the cellular elements of the blood
What is immunology?
Clinical immunology- tests related to autoimmunity, allergy, immunochemistry and antibody deficiency
Transplantation and cellular immunology- histocompatibility testing, immunosuppressant monitoring and tests of cellular immune function.
