Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry

Question 1

Carbon is found in?

Answer 1

a skeleton of carbons bound to one another.
carbon can be linked in a linear molecule or linked in a ring

Question 2

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 2

simplest form of carbohydrate consisting of a single sugar molecule that cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller sugars

Question 3

carbohydrates hexoses vs pentoses

Answer 3

hexoses have 6 carbon atoms and pentoses have 5 carbon atoms. hexoses are: glucose, fructose, and galactose and pentoses are: deoxyribose and ribose

Question 4

A disaccharide?

Answer 4

type of carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharide units

Question 5

How is sucrose formed?

Answer 5

glucose and fructose

Question 6

How is Lactose formed?

Answer 6

glucose and galactose

Question 7

How is maltose formed?

Answer 7

glucose and glucose

Question 8

Polysaccharides? and 3 types

Answer 8

have 10-100+ monosaccharides joined together.
Starch, Glycogen, and Cellulose

Question 9

Starch aka?

Answer 9

linear: amylose
branched: amylopectin

Question 10

Glycogen is linear or branched and stored where?

Answer 10

it is branched and stored in the liver

Question 11

Cellulose function?

Answer 11

aka fiber and it is good for flushing out stuff from the digestive system. its not easily digested by humans.

Question 12

The two types of lipids are?

Answer 12

saturated and unsaturated: saturated are solid and unsaturated are liquids which is better for health than saturated fats.

Question 13

What is the main lipid in our body?

Answer 13

triglyceride which is made up of glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains. formed by dehydration synthesis. It is also called neutral fat.

Question 14

Phospholipids?

Answer 14

two fatty acid chains + glycerol backbone + phosphate group: cell membrane: it is hydrophobic and hydrophiliar/polar/nonpolar

Question 15

Sterols?

Answer 15

four interlocking hydrocarbon rings from a steroid: cholesterol is the basis for all steroids formed in the body.

Question 16

Prostaglandins ?

Answer 16

hormones produced in the body for pain inflammation and fever responses

Question 17

Proteins?

Answer 17

polymers of amino acids: contains amino group, carboxyl group, side chain, carbon, hydrogen

Question 18

Protein structures?

Answer 18

1) primary structure
2) secondary structure can be a helix or pleated sheet
3) tertiary structure
4) quaternary structure: 4 heme

Question 19

Dipeptide?

Answer 19

molecule composed of 2 amino acids linked by peptide bond

Question 20

Oligopeptide?

Answer 20

up to 10 amino acid chain

Question 21

Polypeptide?

Answer 21

chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds consisting of more than 10 amino acid

Question 22

Nucleotides and nucleic acids are made up of?

Answer 22

nitrogenous base, pentose, phosphate group

Question 23

Pyrimidines vs purines?

Answer 23

pyrimidines: single ring nitrogenous bases: cytosine, thymine, uracil
purine: adenine, guanine

Question 24

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?

Answer 24

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 25

what is dna made up of?

Answer 25

phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar molecule, one of the 4 nitrogenous bases