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Chemistry Module 4 (organic chem) > Introduction To Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Introduction To Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q 
How many covalent bonds does:
1. Carbon
2. Oxygen
3. Hydrogen 
4. Halogen
Form?
A
  1. 4
  2. 2
  3. 1
  4. 1
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2
Q

What does saturated mean?

A

The hydrocarbon contains only carbon to carbon single bonds.

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3
Q

What does unsaturated mean?

A

The hydrocarbon contains at least 1 carbon to carbon double bond.

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4
Q

What is the difference between aliphatic and alicyclic?

A 
Aliphatic= carbon atoms joined in straight/ branched chains
Alicyclic= carbon atoms joined in rings
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5
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of an organic compound.

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6
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by number of carbons. (CH2)

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7
Q

What is IUPAC?

A

The international system for naming organic compounds.

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8
Q

Name the 1st 10 alkanes.

A 
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
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9
Q

What are the 1st 10 alkyl side groups called?

A 
Methyl
Ethyl 
Propyl
Butyl
Pentyl
Hexyl
Heptyl
Octyl
Nonyl 
Decyl
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10
Q

What happens if there is more than 1 alkyl side group?

A

They are ordered alphabetically and if it is the same alkyl group di, tri, and tetra are used.

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11
Q

What is the formula and suffix for an alkane?

A 
Formula= CnH2n+2
Suffix= ane
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12
Q

What is the formula and suffix for an alkene?

A 
Formula= CnH2n
Suffix= ene
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13
Q

What is the formula and prefix for a halo hydrocarbon?

A

Formula- R-F
R-Cl R-Br R-I

Prefix- Bromo, Chloro, Fluoro or Iodo

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14
Q

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for an alcohol?

A

Formula- R-OH
Prefix- Hydroxy or Hydroxin
Suffix- ol

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15
Q

What is the formula and suffix for an aldehyde?

A

Formula- RCHO

Suffix- al

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16
Q

What is the formula and suffix and prefix for a Kentone?

A

Formula- RCOR
Prefix- Oxo
Suffix- one

17
Q

What is the formula and suffix for a carboxylic acid?

A

Formula- RCOOH

Suffix- oic acid

18
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

The simplest whole number ration of atoms of each element.

19
Q

What is the molecular formula?

A

The actual number of each atoms of each element.

20
Q

What is the general formula?

A

The simplest algebraic formula showing the functional group separately.

21
Q

What is the structural formula?

A

Shows the atoms by writing groups of atoms in sequence.

22
Q

What is the displayed formula?

A

Shows the arrangement of the bonds by drawing the atoms and the bonds.

23
Q

What is the skeletal formula?

A

Shows the hydrocarbon skeleton by leaving out the symbols of C and H and only drawing the bonds between the carbon atoms, it includes the functional group.

24
Q

What is isomerism?

A

Where compounds have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of their atoms.

25
Q

What is structural isomerism? And what are the 3 types?

A

When compounds have the same molecular formulae but different structural formulae.
Types- Chain, positional and functional group

26
Q

What is chain, positional and fuctional group structural isomerism?

A

Chain- When the chain can be unbranched or branched
Positional- when the functional group is moved along the parent chain
Functional group- when the molecular formula is the same but the functional group is different

27
Q

What is homolytic fission?

A

Each of the covalent Ly bonded atoms takes 1 of the electrons from the shared pair. They become radicals.

28
Q

What is a radical?

A

A species with an unpaired electron.

29
Q

What is heterolytic fission?

A

One of the covalently bonded atoms (the one with the greater electronegativity) takes both of the shared electrons forming ions.

30
Q

What is an electrophile? Give an example.

A

A reagent that attacks an area of high electron density accepting an electron pair and forms a covalent bond.
E.g HBr

31
Q

What is a necleophile and give an example.

A

A reagent that has a lone pair that attacks an electron deficient C atom e.g :OH-

32
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

When 2 reactants combine and form 1 product.

33
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

When’s and atom it group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.

34
Q

What is an elimination reaction?

A

When 1 reactant forms 2 products.

35
Q

What is a mechanism?

A

A sequence of steps showing the path taken by electrons as reactants become products. Shown as a series of equations.

36
Q

What does a curly arrow show?

A

The movement of electron pairs in heterolytic fission.

The tail points to the centre of high electron density and the head points to an electron deficient centre.

Chemistry Module 4 (organic chem) (6 decks)

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