Introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards
what is organic chemistry
it is the chemistry involving carbon containing compounds
what 2 factors do the physical and chemical properties of organic compounds depend on?
1) the number and arrangement of the carbon chain
2) the functional groups in the molecule
what is a functional group
a functional group is a specific atom or group which give certain chemical and physical properties to the molecule
what is the definition of homologous series
molecules with the same functional group but different number of carbon atolms
name 4 main features of the homologous series
1) similar chemical properties
2) trend in physical properties
3) each differs from the next by CH3
4) same general formula
what is cycloalkanes general formula
CnH2n
definition of molecular formula
the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound
definition of empirical formula
the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
definition of general formula
the number of atoms of each element of a substance which has n carbon atoms
definition of structural formula
shows how atoms are joined together in a molecule . this can be used to draw the molecule
definition of structural formula
shows how atoms are joined together in a molecule . this can be used to draw the molecule
definition of displayed formula
shows every atom and every bond in the molecule
definition of displayed formula
shows every atom and every bond in the molecule
what is added before the numbers when there are 2 alcohol groups
you add an e
what is added before the numbers when there are 2 double bonds (alkenes)
add an a
what functional group do amines have
-NH2
where can the amine -NH2 bond be found in the molecule
anywhere on the chain
what functional group do nitriles have
and where is it found
-CN
end of the molecule
what are the 2 branches of isomerism
structural and stereoisomerism
definition of structural isomers
same molecular formula different structural formula
definition of stereoisomers
same structural formula different arrangement in space
name the different types of structural isomers
chain
position
functional group
name the different types of stereoisomerirsm
1) geometric isomerism (E-Z isomerism)
2) optical isomers
where is geometric (E-Z isomerism found?)
only in alkenes
definition of chain isomerism
same molecular formula different length of carbon chain (ethyl groups etc)
definition of position isomers
same molecular formula and same length carbon chain but functional group is at different positions along the chain
definition for functional group isomers
same molecular formula different functional group
what is the different functional group for alkenes
cycloalkanes
what is the different function group for aldehydes
ketones
what is the different functional group for carboxylic acids
esters
