Alcohols Flashcards
what’s general formula for alcohols
CnH2n+1OH
what are the classifications of alcohols
primary
secondary
tertiary
what does the classification of alcohols relate to
the number of carbon atoms directly attached to the carbon atom carrying the OH group
name the 2 methods ethanol can be produced
1) fermentation of glucose
2) direct hydration of ethene
what does fermentation of glucose do
this process converts sugars such as glucose into ethanol and co2 using the enzymes in yeast cells
what 3 conditions are needed for the conversion of glucose into ethanol via fermentation
- yeast provides enzymes which is the catalyst
- 37° so enzymes do not denture
- absence of O2 (anaerobic respiration)
what are the advantages of fermentation of glucose into ethanol
1) low energy input
2) sugar cane is a renewable source
3) ethanol made this way is said to be a biofuel ( derived from plants and animals )
4) it is said to be CARBON NEUTRAL ( the CO2 released when burnt is equal to CO2 taken in photosynthesis)
give definition of carbon neutral
no net emissions of carbon dioxide to atmosphere
is fermentation of glucose actually carbon neutral and why
no
bc addition CO2 will be made during burning fossil fuels for transportation and harvesting sugar cane crops
give disadvantages of fermentation
1) low yield
2) product is impure (further distillation required)
3) slow rate of reaction
4) batch process
5) environmental issues with loss of habitats and deforestation for producing crops
6) the land could be used for food production
what are the 3 conditions for direct hydration of ethene
- steam
- heat
- concentrated H2SO4 catalyst
what are the advantages of direct hydration of ethene
1) high yield and purity
2) continuous process
3) fast rate of reaction
what are the disadvantages of direct hydration of ethene
1) high energy input
2) ethene is obtained from crude oil which is a non renewable source
what mechanism is direct hydration of ethene
electrophillic addition
