Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is organic chemistry?

Answer 1

The study of carbon compounds

Question 2

Hydrocarbons

Answer 2

Molecules made of carbon and hydrogen only

Question 3

Alkanes

Answer 3

Hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2. These are saturated compounds.

Question 4

Alkenes

Answer 4

Hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n. These are unsaturated compounds

Question 5

Functional Groups

Answer 5

Groups of atoms which give molecules similar properties

Question 6

Examples of functional groups

Answer 6

Alcohols (OH)
Carboxylic Acids (COOH)
Esters (COO)
Ketones (CO)
Amines (NH2)

Question 7

Homologous series

Answer 7

Organic molecules with the same functional group with each successive member having an additional -CH2

Question 8

Displayed formula

Answer 8

Provides the clearest visual structure of an organic molecule. Shows all atoms in correct order with lines to represent all single and double covalent bonds.

Question 9

Structural formula

Answer 9

Often used when writing equations. Lines showing bonds are taken away and atoms are grouped together, still in order of arrangement.

Question 10

Molecular formula

Answer 10

Shows just the number of each type of atom in the compound, just adding up all types of atoms. Does not show how atoms are arranged and where the bonds are

Question 11

Empirical formula

Answer 11

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound. Doesn’t show arrangement but shows the ratio of atoms in the molecule.