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Chemistry > 1) Bridging the gap > Flashcards

1) Bridging the gap Flashcards

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1
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom

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2
Q

Electron

A

A negatively charged subatomic particle which orbits the nucleus (relative mass of 1/1836)

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3
Q

Proton

A

A positively charged subatomic particle situated in the nucleus of an atom (relative mass of 1)

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4
Q

Neutron

A

A neutral subatomic particle situated in the nucleus of the atom (relative mass of 1)

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5
Q

Mass number

A

Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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6
Q

Ion

A

A charged atom or molecule

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7
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and electrons but a differing number of neutrons and therefore different masses

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8
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

The weighted mass of an atom compared with 1/12th mass of an atom of Carbon-12

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9
Q

Relative abundance

A

The amount of one substance compared with another

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10
Q

Relative isotopic mass

A

The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12th mass of a Carbon-12 atom

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11
Q

Relative formula mass

A

The mass of a formula unit of a compound with a giant structure

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12
Q

Relative molecular mass

A

The mass of a simple molecule compared to 1/12th Carbon-12 atomic mass

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13
Q

Ionic compound

A

A compound which is made up of oppositely charged ions that are held together by electrostatic forces

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14
Q

State symbols

A

Symbols within a chemical equation that indicate the state of each compound under the reaction. (aq),(g),(l),(s)

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15
Q

Atom economy

A

A measure of the amount of starting materials that end up as useful products

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16
Q

Avragado constant

A

The number of particles per mole of substance (6.02x10^23)

17
Q

Composition by mass

A

The relative mass of each element in a compound

18
Q

Empirical formula

A

The simplest whole number ratio of each element found in a compound

19
Q

Mole

A

The amount of any substance containing as many particles as there are Carbon atoms in 12g of Carbon-12 isotope

20
Q

Molecular formula

A

Number and type of of atoms of each element in a molecule

21
Q

Percentage Yield

A

The percentage ratio of the actual yield of product from a reaction compared with the theoretical yield

22
Q

Acid

A

Compounds that release H+ ions in aqueous solution. e.g. HCl, H2SO4

23
Q

Alkali

A

Water soluble bases that release OH- ions in an aqueous solution e.g. NaOH, KOH

24
Q

Base

A

A substance that can accept H+ ions from another substance

25
Q

Neutralisation

A

The reaction between H+ and OH- forming water. This may be between an acid and a base

26
Q

Strong acid

A

An acid that completely dissociates in solution

27
Q

Titration

A

A technique used to determine the amount of one solution with a known concentration required to completely react with a known value of another substance of known concentration

28
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons/increase in oxidation number

29
Q

Crude oils

A

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons with different chain lengths

30
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

A hydrocarbon is a molecule that contains only carbon and hydrogen

31
Q

How are crude oils formed?

A

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons derived from the decomposing remains of simple marine organisms over millions of years, buried under sand and mud.

32
Q

Why can’t we just put crude oil straight into the fuel tanks of our vehicles?

A

Different hydrocarbons have unique properties, requiring crude oil to be separated into fractions through fractional distillation for specific purposes.

33
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions.

34
Q

Process of fractional distillation

A

Crude oil is heated until vaporized, then enters a fractional distillation column at the highest temperature. Higher boiling points condense into liquids, while lower boiling points remain as gases, moving to cooler levels.

35
Q

As the average carbon chain length of a fraction increases:

A

-the boiling point increases
-the viscosity (thickness) increases
-the ease of ignition decreases
-the colour becomes darker (colourless → yellow → brown)
-the cleanliness of burn decreases (more soot is given off by lower fractions).

Chemistry (2 decks)

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