Introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what is structural formula?

A

the visual representation of how atoms are bonded together in a molecule.

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2
Q

what is displayed formula?

A

shows each atom and bond explicitly in a molecule’s structure.

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3
Q

what is skeletal formula?

A

simplistic representation of organic molecules by showing only the carbon skeleton.

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4
Q

in IUPAC nomenclature, priority is given based on what order?

A

functional group, longest carbon chain, substituents, locants

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5
Q

what is the priority of functional groups from highest to lowest?

A

carboxylic acids (-COOH)
acid derivatives (-COCl, -COOR, -CONH2)
aldehydes (-CHO)
ketones (-C(=O)-)
alcohols (-OH)
amines (-NH2)
alkenes (-C=C-)
alkynes (-C(triple bond)C-)
halogens (-F,-Cl,-Br,-I)
alkanes

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6
Q

what is structural isomerism?

A

molecules with the same molecular formula have different arrangements of atoms, resulting in different structures and properties.

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7
Q

what is stereoisomerism?

A

molecules that have the same structure but differ in their spatial arrangement of atoms, leading to different 3-D shapes and properties.

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8
Q

what is a chain isomer?

A

type of structural isomer, the carbon skeleton of the molecule differs in its arrangement.

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9
Q

what is a position isomer?

A

type of structural isomer, the functional group or substituents are attached to different positions on the main carbon chain. results in different properties.

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10
Q

what is a functional group isomer?

A

type of structural isomer, compound that has the same molecular formula but different in the functional group they contain, have different chemical properties.

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11
Q

what is E/Z isomerism? (geometric)

A

molecules which have restricted rotation around a double bond. groups are attached to the carbons of the double bond and can be arranged differently in space. if the highest priority groups are on opposite sides, its E (trans), if on the same its Z(cis).

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