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CHM258 > Introduction to Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

___ is the study of carbon containing compounds in living organisms and non-living organisms.

A

organic chemistry

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2
Q

organic chemistry is the study of ___ in ___ and ___ organisms

A

carbon containing compounds, living organisms, non-living organisms

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3
Q

state other 3 elements that are considered organic substance

hint: H,H,O,N

A

hydrogen, halogens, oxygen, nitrogen

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4
Q

state any 3 example of organic substances

A

carbon, hydrogen, halogens, oxygen, nitrogen

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5
Q

is halogens ( Cl,Br,F ) is considered as organic substances?

A

yes

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6
Q

state 2 things that consists of organic compounds

A

proteins, fats, carbohydrates, enzymes, vitamins, hormones.

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7
Q

does enzymes consists of organic compound?

A

yes

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8
Q

state 3 characteristics of carbon

hint: s,4,m

A
  • able to create stable bonding
  • form 4 covalent bonds
  • able to create multiple bond
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9
Q

state any 2 characteristics of carbon

A
  • able to create stable bonding
  • form 4 covalent bonds
  • able to create multiple bond
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10
Q

why does a carbon atom is able to create 4 covalent bonds?

A

has 6 electrovalence

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11
Q

state the example of multiple bonds from the characteristics of carbon

A
  • single bond
  • double bond
  • triple bond
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12
Q

when two atoms approach each other closely and a
singly occupied orbital on one atom overlaps a singly occupied orbital on the other atom.

the definition above results in __

A

the forming of a covalent bond

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13
Q

how does a covalent bond forms?

hint: 2, close, overlaps, orbital

A

2 atoms will approach each other closely and a singly occupied orbital on one atom overlaps a singly occupied orbital in the other atom.

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14
Q

the forming of a _____ happens when ____ approach each other closely and a
singly _____ on one atom _____ a singly occupied orbital on the other atom.

A

covalent bond
two atoms
occupied orbital
overlaps

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15
Q

in the ____ electrons are paired in the _____ and are attracted to the ___ of both atoms and ____ the atoms together

A

valence bond theory
overlapping orbitals
nuclei
bonding

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16
Q

state 2 characteristics of a sigma bond

hint: 2, end, overlap

A
  • 2 atomic orbital overlap

- end to end overlap

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17
Q

state the bond that has an end-to-end overlaping

A

sigma bond

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18
Q

state the bond that has 2 atomic orbital overlap

A

sigma bond

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19
Q

state 2 characteristics of a pi bond

hint: 2, side, overlap

A
  • 2 p orbital overlap

- side by side overlap

20
Q

state the bond that has an side by side overlap

A

pi bond

21
Q

state the bond that has 2 p orbital overlap

A

pi bond

22
Q

state the difference between sigma bond and pi bond in terms of orbital overlap

A

sigma bond: atomic orbital overlap

pi bond: p orbital overlap

23
Q

chemical formula is divided into __

A

2

24
Q

chemical formula is divided into 2 which is __ & ___

hint: G,S

A
  • general formula

- structural formula

25
Q

general formula is divided into __

A

2

26
Q

general formula is divided into 2 which is __ & ___

hint: M,E

A
  • molecular formula

- empirical formula

27
Q

structural formula is divided into __

A

3

28
Q

structural general formula is divided into 3 which is __, __ & ___

hint: S,E,C

A
  • skeletal
  • expanded
  • condensed
29
Q

Actual number of atoms of
each element in a molecule.

this is the definition of __

A

Molecular formula

30
Q

Simplest ratio number of
atoms of each element in a
molecule.

this is the definition of __

A

Empirical formula

31
Q

Molecular formula is the __ number of __ of each __ in a __

A

actual
atoms
element
molecule

32
Q

Empirical formula is the __ number of
__ of each __ in a
___

A

simplest ratio
atoms
element
molecule

33
Q

name the structural formula that shows every atom and type of covalent bond in the molecule

A

expanded structure

34
Q

what does an expanded structure shows in a molecule?

hint: a,b

A

it shows every atom and type of covalent bond in the molecule

35
Q

name the structural formula that only shows the double and triple bond in a molecule

A

condensed structure

36
Q

what type of bond does the condensed structure shows in a molecule?

hint: d,t

A

double bond and triple bond

37
Q

name the structure that shows both each central atom and atoms bonded to it

A

condensed structure

38
Q

condensed structure:

branches in the carbon chains are indicated in ____

A

parentheses

39
Q

condensed structure:

if a molecule have two or more identical groups, ____ and ___ are used

A

parentheses and subscript

40
Q

explain 2 characteristics in a condensed structure

hint: bonds, atoms, parentheses, subscript

A
  • only double and triple bond are shown

- each central atom is shown together with the atoms bonded to it

41
Q

explain 2 characteristics in a condensed structure

hint: parentheses, subscript

A
  • branches in the carbon chain are indicated in parentheses

- parentheses & subscript are used if a molecule has two or more identical group

42
Q

name the structure that doesnt show carbon and hydrogen atoms or C-H bonds unless they are part of the functional group

A

skeletal structure

43
Q

skeletal structure:

doesnt show ___ and ___ atoms or ___ bonds unless they are part of the ____

A

carbon, hydrogen, C_H, functional group

44
Q

name the bond that indicates a double bond with double lines

A

skeletal structure

45
Q

name the bond that indicates the presence of a carbon atom at the end of the lines and corners between lines

A

skeletal structure:

CHM258 (3 decks)

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