Introduction to -omics Flashcards
Week 8 Lecture 2
What are -omics?
The branch of molecular biosciences concerned with studying the entire complement of some entity or process
What is genomics?
The study of the structure, function, and evolution of genomes
What is a proteome?
The complete set of proteins an organism can produce
What is proteomics?
The large-scale study and identification of proteins in biological or cell samples. You can measure the concentration or presence of a protein in a tissue. Gives you a direct estimate of what protein activities or functions are present in a tissue.
What is the transcriptome?
The complete set of RNA transcripts an organism produces
What is transcriptomics?
The identification of all species of RNA transcripts in cell and tissue samples. Can be tissue or single cell.
What is the metabolome?
The complete set of small molecule metabolites present in an organism
What is metabolomics?
The study of all processes that involve metabolites. Studied using high resolution NMR data.
Types of networks
- Signalling networks
- Gene regulation networks
- Metabolic networks
- Protein-protein interaction networks
Insulin signalling
- Insulin stimulates a liver cell
- Tunes on genes for glucose uptake and processing
- Glucose is transformed into glycogen
How does Streptococcus pneumoniae become pathogenic?
Competence-stimulating peptide detects the density of bacteria cells and is used by the bacteria to time when it becomes pathogenic.
RNA-Seq
- Short reads are mapped onto a reference genome to get counts of gene expression
- Not limited to known sequences
- Very low background and capability to detect very low expressed genes
Yeast two-hybrid screening
- Wild-type
- TF with bait protein
- TF with bait protein (make a new construct that has a transcription activation domain)
- Binding re-establishes TF ability (if there is a p2p interaction the gene switches on)
