Introduction to Nutrition Flashcards
What is food?
Material which after ingestion from an animal is capable of being digested and absorbed
Is all food utilised by the body?
No
What is the name for the material this IS utilised?
Nutrients
What are some examples of some nutrients?
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
- Lipids
- Fibre
What are the two types of dry matter?
Organic and Inorganic
Are minerals organic or inorganic?
Inorganic
What are the two types of nutrients?
Macronutrients and Micronutrients
What are the three main Micronutrients?
Water, Vitamins and Minerals
What are the three main Macronutrients?
Carbs, Lipids and Proteins
What are some examples of Vitamins?
Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin D etc.
What are some examples of Minerals?
Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium etc.
What is the second most important Requirment for animals?
Water
How much loss of body water will result in death or serious illness?
15%
How much water do mammals require?
70% (Adult), 75% (Offspring), 60% (Geriatric)
What is is ingested water?
Fluids consumed through drinking water
What is metabolic water?
Produced by the body through oxidation of protein, fat and carbs
What are some examples of water requirements?
- Chemical reactions within the body
- Water is a solvent
- Lubricant for body tissues
- Transport medium throughout the body
- Blood and lymph production
- Thermoregulation
- Respiration
What is protein?
A complex folded chain of amino acids (polypeptide chain)
How many existing amino acids are there?
23 (essential and non-essential)
What does HBV and LBV stand for?
High biological value and Low biological value
What does the Biological value percentage depend on?
The number of amino acids the product contains
What is the role of protein in the body?
- Structural components of organs and tissues: Collagen and elastin, Muscle, Keratin, Blood
- Enzymes
- Hormones
- Antibodies
- DNA
- Energy
What are lipids?
Lipids are fatty compounds that perform a variety of functions in your body
What are the two types of lipids?
Single and conjugated
What is a single lipid?
long, medium, and short chains and esters of fatty acids with glycerol (tryglycerides are the most common)
What is a conjugated lipid?
lipids linked with other molecules
What are the lipids role in the body?
- Energy source
- Storage
- Fat soluble vitamin absorption
- Cell membrane formation (phospholipids)
- Protection of organs
- Insulation
- Waterproofing
- Hormone formation
What are carbs?
Carbohydrates, or carbs, are sugar molecules
What are the four main categories of carbs?
- Monosaccharides (simple sugars easily absorbed: glucose and fructose),
- Disaccharides (double sugars, two monosaccharides).
Oligosaccharides (short chains of monosaccharides)
Polysaccharides (complex bundles of monosaccharides)
What is the carbs role in the body?
- Energy – glucose is most crucial for nervous system and blood cells.
- Glucoregulation
- Lactose production
- Aids in lipid metabolism
- Converted and stored as fat
What is dietary fibre?
Matter indigestible by enzymes, bacteria within the gut may be able to utilise fibre
What are the two main types of fibre?
Soluble and Insoluble in water
What are the benefits of fibre?
- It delays gastric emptying
- Alters nutrient absorption
- Maintains gut mucosa
- Increases bulk loading capacity of faeces
What factors could influence nutritional needs?
Species, sex, age, physical state, environment, health and reproductive state
