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Animal nutrition > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function role of the Mouth?

A

Breaking up food into smaller pieces via mastication and mix with saliva to aid with digestion and swallowing

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2
Q

What is Mastication?

A

The act of chewing food, the first stage of digestion

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3
Q

What is Pretension?

A

Gathering

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4
Q

What is Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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5
Q

What is the main function of the Salivary Gland?

A

Lubricate and facilitate packaging a food bolus for its passage down the oesophagus

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6
Q

What are some other functions of the Salivary Gland/Saliva?

A

Thermoregulation, oral cavity cleaning, buffering of weak acids, reduction of oral bacteria growth + protection

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7
Q

How many layers are there in a tooth?

A

4

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8
Q

What are the four layers of the teeth?

A

Enamel, Dentin, Cementum and Pulp

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9
Q

What are the function of the teeth?

A

Aid in initial digestion stage by helping break up the food

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10
Q

What are the types of teeth in a Carnivore?

A

Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars and Carnissials

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11
Q

What are the types of teeth in a Herbivore?

A

Eleodontal Incisors, 2nd Incisors, Premolars and Molars

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12
Q

What is the function of the Molars?

A

Grinding

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13
Q

What is the Oesophagus?

A

Tubular, elongated organ of the digestive system which connects the pharynx to the stomach

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14
Q

What is the main function of the Oesophagus?

A

Transport food entering the mouth through the throat and into the stomach

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15
Q

How long does it usually take the food to travel from the mouth to the stomach?

A

4-8 Seconds

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16
Q

How does the food go down?

A

Peristalsis of the circular muscle contracts and relaxes to push food down.

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17
Q

What takes place in the Monogastric stomach?

A

Mechanical digestion

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18
Q

What is Mechanical digestion?

A

Churning of the stomach makes food break down in size giving it a larger surface area

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19
Q

What do the gastric juices produced by churning consist of?

A
  • Pepsinogen
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCL)
  • Mucus
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20
Q

What is produced by stimulus of the stomach wall?

A

Gastrin

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21
Q

What is produced to slow churning and reduce pH?

A

enterogastrone

22
Q

What is Mucus produced for?

A

Protection from excess stomach acid and most of all autolysis. It also acts as a lubricant, reducing friction

23
Q

What are the three cells that the stomach wall also contains?

A

Oxyntic cells, goblet cells and peptic cells

24
Q

What do Oxyntic cells do?

A

Secrete hydrochloric acid (HCL)

25
Q

What do goblet cells do?

A

Mucus

26
Q

What do peptic cells do?

A

Secrete Pepsin

27
Q

What is the Duodenum?

A

The first 20cm of the small intestine

28
Q

Where does the duodenum receive secretions from?

A

Liver and Pancreas

29
Q

What happens in the Duodenum?

A
  • Further digestion takes place.
  • Input of pancreatic juices.
  • Lipids are broken down into fatty acids.
  • Protein is broken down into amino acids.
  • The digestion of carbohydrates takes place inside cells.
30
Q

Why is there a large surface area in the Duodenum?

A

Large number of villi

31
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Produce bile

32
Q

What is Bile made up of?

A

Bile salts and Mineral salts

33
Q

What do Bile salts do?

A

Help with the digestion of fats by breaking them down from large globules to smaller globules, lowering surface tension and making a larger surface area

34
Q

What do Mineral salts do?

A

Neutralise the stomach acid (HCl) to around 7/8 pH in the small intestine

35
Q

What does the Pancreas do?

A

Produces pancreatic juices which contain pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase and trypsinogen (or trypsin in its active form)

36
Q

What does Pancreatic amylase do?

A

Converts the remaining amylose (starch) into maltose

37
Q

What does Pancreatic lipase do?

A

Converts lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

38
Q

What does Trypsinogen do?

A

Trypsinogen, upon meeting with the enzyme enterokinase, is activated and is called trypsin. Trypsin then continues to break down proteins in digestion.

39
Q

What does the Jejunum and Ileum do?

A

The longest part of the small intestine, secretes endopeptidases and exopeptidases.

Nutrients and water are absorbed here aided by villi.

40
Q

What happens to Sucrose?

A

Sucrose is hydrolysed into fructose and glucose by sucrase

41
Q

What happens to Maltose?

A

Maltose is also hydrolysed into two glucose by maltase

42
Q

What happens with the walls of the intestines here?

A

Here the walls of the small intestine begin to thin and narrow, and the blood supply is reduced

43
Q

What does the Mucosa do in the jejunum and ileum?

A

Secretes small amounts of digestive enzymes and lubricates mucus while absorbing nutrients

44
Q

95% of what is absorbed by the small intestine?

A

Carbohydrates and Proteins

45
Q

What else does the small intestine absorb?

A

About 90% of the water that it receives during digestion

46
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

Absorbs water (by osmosis), minerals and vitamins

47
Q

What does Chyme, at the start of the large intestine, consist of?

A

Water, bile, mucus, dead cells, bacteria and undigested food

48
Q

What is different in the large intestine than the small intestine?

A
  • larger lumen
  • smaller in length
  • thinner wall
49
Q

Where are faeces stored and excreted?

A

Faeces are stored in the rectum and then egested through the sphincter muscle called the anus

50
Q
A

Animal nutrition (8 decks)

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