Introduction to Neuropsychiatric Disorders Flashcards
What investigations can be used to determine WHERE a lesion is?
▪️ Bloods
▪️ Imaging
▪️ Neurophysiology
▪️ CSF examination
What does VITAMIN C DEF stand for?
Vascular
Infective
Traumatic
Autoimmune
Metabolic
Iatrogenic
Neoplastic
Congenital
Degenerative
Environmental/Endocrine
Functional
What are the five main ways a disease can present?
▪️ Paroxysmal (e.g., vascular, epileptic)
▪️ Sudden (e.g., vascular, trauma)
▪️ Subacute (e.g., infection, inflammation)
▪️ Chronic fluctuating (e.g., inflammation, metabolic)
▪️ Chronic progressive (e.g., neoplastic, degenerative)
What would sudden onset of symptoms with a vascular origin suggest?
A stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic)
What would symptoms of vascular origin but without sudden onset suggest?
Subdural haematoma
How do symptoms of infective origin usually present?
▪️ Subacute
▪️ Fever and systemic symptoms
What might Argyll-Robertson pupil indicate?
Neurosyphilis
What are the two main types of autoimmune disease?
▪️ Systemic (e.g., SLE, Rheumatoid, Sjogren’s)
▪️ Disease of the NS (e.g., NMDAR encephalitis)
What does congenital mean?
Present from birth
How can you tell if someone has an endocrine disease?
▪️ Blood test
▪️ Systemic features (e.g., weight loss, palpitations, itchiness)
What other potential causes of disease are not included in VITAMIN C DEF?
▪️ Toxic (e.g., neurotoxins such as alcohol, drugs, heavy metals)
▪️ Nutritional (e.g., thiamine deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency)
What different types of diagnosis can we make?
▪️ Anatomical
▪️ Clinical
▪️ Radiological
▪️ Pathological
▪️ Aetiological
▪️ Syndromic
▪️ Genetic
What are the main types of pathological processes (SIVE)?
▪️ Systemic (secondary to something else)
▪️ Intrinsic (within NS)
▪️ Vascular (blood supply to NS)
▪️ Extrinsic (affecting NS from outside)
