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Neuropsychiatric Disorders > Dissociative Identity Disorder > Flashcards

Dissociative Identity Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prevalence of DID?

A

1-3% (not rare!)

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2
Q

What is the prevalence of DID?

A

1-3% (not rare!)

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3
Q

What is DID?

A

A disorder characterised by:
▪️Two or more distinct personality states
▪️Memory gaps beyond ordinary forgetfulness

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4
Q

Personality states have their own pattern of…

A

▪️Perception
▪️Reaction
▪️Thinking (about the envrionment and self)

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5
Q

Personality states coincide with…

A

▪️Fluctuating states of consciousness
▪️Changing access to autobiographical memory

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6
Q

What are the two main types of personality state?

A

▪️Trauma-related identity
▪️Neutral identity

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7
Q

What is the TIS/TPS?

A

▪️The emotional part of the personality
▪️Fixed in past trauma
▪️Has access and emotionally responds to traumatic memories (fixated on them)

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8
Q

What is the NIS/NPS?

A

▪️The apparently normal part of the personality
▪️Functions detached from past trauma
▪️Limited or no access to traumatic memories (avoidant and amnestic of them and TIS)

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9
Q

Which type of personality state usually exhibits child-like behaviours and subjective sense of age?

A

Trauma-related Identity State

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10
Q

How does consciousness in the TIS compared to the NIS?

A

Both retracted and at a lower level than healthy minds but the TIS is more so

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11
Q

How does personification and presentification in TIS and NIS?

A

▪️Major lack of in TIS
▪️Lack of in NIS of traumatic past and associated TIS - protective mechanism?

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12
Q

What are “self-states”?

A

The current term for the fluctuating states of consciousness that change with time in DID

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13
Q

What is the TSDP?

A

Theory of Structural Dissociation of Personality

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14
Q

What are the two main prototypical dissociative parts of the personality according to the TSDP?

A

▪️The emotional part (EP)
▪️The apparently normal part (ANP)

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15
Q

What are the three dimensions of Trauma-related Dissociation?

A
  1. Primary Dissociation (e.g. PTSD, simple sensorimotor dissociative disorder)
  2. Secondary Dissociation (e.g. complex PTSD, disorders of extreme stress)
  3. Tertiary Dissociation (e.g. DID)
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16
Q

According to the DID theoretical framework, what dimension is DID?

A

Tertiary Dissociation

17
Q

What is Primary Structural Dissociation?

A

▪️One ANP/NIS/NPS - for functioning of daily life and survival of species
▪️One EP/TIS/TPS - defense from major threat, survival of individual
▪️Overlap = shared access to implicit and explicit memory

18
Q

What is Secondary Structural Dissociation?

A

▪️One ANP/NIS/NPS
▪️More than one EP/TIS/TPS - e.g. freeze, fight, and submit?

19
Q

What is Tertiary Structural Dissociation?

A

▪️More than one ANP/NIS/NPS (e.g. care taking, job, energy management)
▪️More than one EP/TIS/TPS

(DID)

20
Q

What is the main form of treatment currently available for DID?

A

Psychotherapeutic intervention

21
Q

What psychopharmacological treatments are currently available for DID?

A

▪️Nothing for reducing symptoms
▪️Only for treating comorbid symptoms such as depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance etc

22
Q

What is the most widely used psychotherapeutic intervention for DID?

A

Phase-oriented treatment of DID

23
Q

How long does phase-oriented treatment of DID take?

A

Many years

24
Q

What is the first phase of phase-oriented treatment of DID?

A

Establishing safety, stabilisation, and symptom reduction

25
Q

What is the second phase of phase-oriented treatment of DID?

A

Confronting, working through, and Integrating traumatic memories

26
Q

What is the third phase of phase-oriented treatment of DID?

A

Identity reintegration and rehabilitation

27
Q

What was found in the first ever functional brain imaging study of an individual with DID?

A

Hyperfusion in the right temporal lobe

(with PET)

28
Q

What brain area has been identified as a possible neurostructural biomarkers for DID?

A

Temporal lobes

29
Q

Are NIS and TIS psychobiologically different?

A

Yes!

30
Q

What are the two main models of dissociation?

A

▪️The trauma model
▪️The fantasy model

31
Q

What is the trauma-related model of DID?

A

The “Trauma Model” :

▪️DID = severe form of PTSD originating from severe, chronic traumatisation
▪️Usually in childhood
▪️Includes the TSDP

32
Q

What is the non-trauma related model of DID?

A

The “Fantasy Model” :

▪️Originates from suggestion (media or therapist) or role-playing
▪️Facilitated by high level of suggestibility and/or fantasy proneness
▪️Includes socio-cognitive model, and the iatrogenic model

Neuropsychiatric Disorders (30 decks)

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