Introduction to Neuroimaging (MRI) Flashcards
Which unit of the nervous system is responsible for sending & receiving neurotransmitters?
Neurons
The ____ ____ is the core of the neuron containing genetic information:
Cell body
_____ are tail-like structures covered in _____ that conduct electrical signals:
Axons; myelin
These are the “roots” of the cell body that receive signals from other neurons:
Dendrites
____ helps determine the magentic resonance signals & contrasts:
Myelin
What type of brain matter is filled with axons & other cells, and is found deeper in the brain?
White matter
____ matter creates a “ribbon” around the edge of the brain & is filled with cell bodies:
Grey
What is responsible for delivering nutrients to the brain & removing waste?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
____ is a tool used to measure brain activity:
MRI
_____ MRI measures the brain’s gross anatomy through its magentic properties:
Structural
The almond-shaped structure in the brain thought to detect threatening stimuli is called the:
Amygdala
MRI stands for:
Magnetic resonance imaging
Fill in the gaps: MRI works because the ____ properties of _____ ions in brain matter tend to move toward the magnetic field created by ____ scanners, thus allowing images to be taken:
Magnetic; hydrogen; MRI
If an ion has magnetic properties, then it has:
Nett Magnetic Moment (M)
Why might it be useful that white and grey matter have varying amounts of water?
Because it is easier to distinguish between tissue types when viewing images
Structural MRI has a high resolution ( approx. <1mm). True or false?
True
A benefit of structural MRI is that it helps us visualise lesions that may indicate brain disorders. True or false?
True
Structural MRI is beneficial because it allows us to measure the deeper parts of the brain. True or false?
False
A patient moving while in an MRI scanner may cause ___ and ___ in images:
Artefacts; noise
Can the resolution of structural MRI be changed?
Yes
Structural MRI can be used to detect changes in ___ and ____ ____ content:
Iron; white matter
Structural MRI can directly measure tissue type and is able to distinguish bone from air. True or false?
False
___ scans and ____ are two complimentary techniques of structural MRI:
CT (computerised tomography); histology
What 2 things may histology be able to show us if complimenting structural MRI?
Cells & microstructure
Computerised tomography (CT) scans are able to show us bones, _____, _____ and tumours:
Membranes; vessels
When choosing which technique to measure brain activity, it must be appropriate to the research question. True or false?
True
If I were investigating whether the shape of the amygdala changes for people who are more or less anxious, what type of MRI may I use?
Structural
Structural MRI can have several ____ of freedom:
Degrees
Structural MRI are beneficial for patients, as they are non-invasive and not intense (meaning they won’t feel anything when given the scan). True or false?
True
In a study conducted to investigate whether grey matter volume shrinks with age, what neuroimaging technique might be used?
Structural MRI
If it were hypothesised that older individuals would have less grey matter than younger individuals, what would the null hypothesis be?
There will be no difference in grey matter for older individuals compared to younger individuals
What type of statistics might be used to understand whether the two distributions of grey matter in younger & older individuals are significantly different?
T-test
The wider a t-distribution, the ____ reliable it is:
Less
If I were to perform structural MRI to understand whether older individuals have less grey matter than younger individuals, what 2 steps might I take?
Brain extraction; tissue segmentation
