Introduction to Nervous System

Question 1

What structures make up the Central Nervous System?

Answer 1

Cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord.

Question 2

What structures make up the brain stem?

Answer 2

Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 3

What are the three layers of meninges and the spaces in between them from the inside out?

Answer 3

Pia mater, subarachnoid space, arachnoid mater, subdural space, dura mater, epidural space

Question 4

Which meninges are leptomeninges?

Answer 4

Pia mater and arachnoid mater

Question 5

What type of meninge is dura mater?

Answer 5

Pachymeninx

Question 6

What is in the subarachnoid space?

Answer 6

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 7

Which spaces between the meninges are potential spaces?

Answer 7

Subdural space and epidural space

Question 8

What are the components of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 8

CNS processes forming cranial and spinal nerves

Question 9

What are neurons covered by?

Answer 9

Endoneurium

Question 10

What are neuron groups called?
What are they covered by?

Answer 10

Fascicles
Perineurium

Question 11

What are groups of fascicles called?
What are they covered by?

Answer 11

Nerves
Epineurium

Question 12

What are the subcategories of the PNS?

Answer 12

Somatic NS and Visceral NS

Question 13

What parts of the body does the somatic NS pertain to? Describe afferent and efferent information.

Answer 13

Skin, skeletal muscle, and bone
Afferent is sensory information sent from receptors to brain
Efferent is motor information from brain the skeletal muscle

Question 14

What parts of the body does the visceral NS pertain to? Describe afferent and efferent information.

Answer 14

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and organs
Afferent is sensory information sent from receptors to brain
Efferent is motor information sent from brain to endocrine and autonomic nervous system

Question 15

What are glia cells?

Answer 15

Support cells of the CNS

Question 16

What are microglia?

Answer 16

Phagocytic cells that respond to injury, infection, or disease

Question 17

Name the macroglia.

Answer 17

Astrocytes, ependymal/choroidal cells, oligodendrocytes (CNS)/ Schwann cells (PNS)

Question 18

What is the function of astrocytes?

Answer 18

Influence embryonic growth or retraction of neurites, regulate chemical contents in the extracellular space

Question 19

Astrocytes extend end feet on CNS neurons to form _________ which __________.

Answer 19

…glial limiting membranes which regulate nutrient passage.

Question 20

Astrocytes form end feet on CNS capillaries inducing __________ that __________.

Answer 20

…tight junctions that create the blood-brain-barrier.

Question 21

Where are ependymal/choroidal cells?

Answer 21

Lining ventricles and choroid plexus

Question 22

What are oligodendrocytes?
What are Schwann cells?

Answer 22

Oligodendrocytes produce and support myelin sheaths in CNS
Schwann cells produce and support myelin sheaths in PNS and helps PNS regenerate after injury

Question 23

What are the functional components of a neuron?

Answer 23

Input zone, trigger zone, conductive zone, and output zone